Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34717144›Full record

ArticleUltrasonics2022

Acoustic properties across the human skull.

Thomas S Riis, Taylor D Webb, Jan Kubanek

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasonics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Noninvasive Suppression of Responses to Threat Using Focused Ultrasonic Waves.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  19. A Physiological Marker for Deep Brain Ultrasonic Neuromodulation.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Thomas S RiisDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, United States. Electronic address: tom.riis@utah.edu.
Taylor D WebbDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, United States. Electronic address: taylor.webb@utah.edu.
Jan KubanekDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, United States. Electronic address: jan.kubanek@utah.edu.

Funding

Ultrasonic Neuromodulation: From Mechanism To Optimal ApplicationR00NS100986 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI KUBANEK, JAN · 2019 to 2021
$729k
Non-invasive, Deep Brain, and Focal Neuromodulation in Nonhuman PrimatesF32MH123019 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI WEBB, TAYLOR D · 2020 to 2022
$216k
NIMH NIH HHS F32 MH123019NINDS NIH HHS R00 NS100986
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transcranial ultrasound is emerging as a noninvasive tool for targeted treatments of brain disorders. Transcranial ultrasound has been used for remotely mediated surgeries, transient opening of the blood-brain barrier, local drug delivery, and neuromodulation. However, all applications have been limited by the severe attenuation and phase distortion of ultrasound by the skull. Here, we characterized the dependence of the aberrations on specific anatomical segments of the skull. In particular, we measured ultrasound propagation properties throughout the perimeter of intact human skulls at 500 kHz. We found that the parietal bone provides substantially higher transmission (average pressure transmission 31 ± 7%) and smaller phase distortion (242 ± 44 degrees) than frontal (13 ± 2%, 425 ± 47 degrees) and occipital bone regions (16 ± 4%, 416 ± 35 degrees). In addition, we found that across skull regions, transmission strongly anti-correlated (R=-0.79) and phase distortion correlated (R=0.85) with skull thickness. This information guides the design, positioning, and skull correction functionality of next-generation devices for effective, safe, and reproducible transcranial focused ultrasound therapies.

Indexed as

AcousticsAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansIn Vitro TechniquesMaleMiddle AgedSkullUltrasonography, Doppler, TranscranialAttenuationPhaseSkullThicknessTranscranial ultrasoundTransmission

Identifiers

PMID34717144
PMCPMC8642838

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.