SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2022
The Hydrating Effects of Hypertonic, Isotonic and Hypotonic Sports Drinks and Waters on Central Hydration During Continuous Exercise: A Systematic Meta-Analysis and Perspective.
Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydrating with a higher-fructose sport drink does not worsen acute kidney injury risk during simulated work-related heat stress.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2026Trial
- Beverage-Specific Modulation of Urinary Inflammatory Biomarkers After Endurance Running in Trained Males.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Fruit Juices as a Valuable Ingredient in Isotonic Drinks.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Design-Driven Gel-Based Delivery Systems for Bioactives in Sports Nutrition.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- An exploratory study of fluid and carbohydrate intake and related metabolic and hormonal responses during intermittent mixed racewalking: implications for the Olympic mixed racewalking relay.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Revisiting the need for innovative oral hydration technologies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Perspectives on enhancing human performance in the heat: Is the solution to simply "just add water"?Sports medicine and health science · 2025Review
- A Case Report and Review of Literature on Spinning-Induced Rhabdomyolysis Among First-Time Female Spinners.Cureus · 2025Article
- The 4Rs Framework of Sports Nutrition: An Update with Recommendations to Evaluate Allostatic Load in Athletes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of deep-sea water on training efficiency, locomotor function and respiratory metabolism in young and aged mice.Heliyon · 2024Article
- A Review on In Vivo Research Dehydration Models and Application of Rehydration Strategies.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Effects of Diet, Dietary Supplements, Drugs and Exercise on Physical, Diagnostic Values of Urine Characteristics.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Review
- Osmolality and Tonicity of Isotonic Beverages.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An Isotonic Drink Containing Pacific Cod (Marine drugs · 2024Article
- Incidence of Electrolyte Imbalances Following Traumatic Rhabdomyolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2024Review
- Osmotic Pressure and Its Biological Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Personality Determinants Related to the Use of Selective and Effective Dietary Supplements by Elite Polish Team Sport Athletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBody-fluid loss during prolonged continuous exercise can impair cardiovascular function, harming performance. Delta percent plasma volume (dPV) represents the change in central and circulatory body-water volume and therefore hydration during exercise; however, the effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks and water on the dPV response is unclear.
objectiveTo determine by meta-analysis the effects of ingested hypertonic (> 300 mOsmol kg
methodsA systematic review produced 28 qualifying studies and 68 drink treatment effects. Random-effects meta-analyses with repeated measures provided estimates of effects and probability of superiority (p
resultsMean drink effects on dPV were: hypertonic - 7.4% [90% compatibility limits (CL) - 8.5, - 6.3], isotonic - 8.7% (90% CL - 10.1, - 7.4), hypotonic - 6.3% (90% CL - 7.4, - 5.3) and water - 7.5% (90% CL - 8.5, - 6.4). Posterior contrast estimates relative to the smallest important effect (dPV = 0.75%) were: hypertonic-isotonic 1.2% (90% CL - 0.1, 2.6; p
conclusionHypotonic carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks ingested continuously during exercise provide the greatest benefit to hydration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.