ArticleNature communications2021
Coordination of fungal biofilm development by extracellular vesicle cargo.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular membrane vesicles-previously unrecognized components ofJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- COVID-19-Associated Fungal Co-Infections: Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Antifungal turbinmicin alters functional vesicle cargo.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- The rheological properties ofBiofilm · 2026Article
- Review
- Ultrasound-triggered microbubble delivery of voriconazole for enhanced reduction of Candida albicans biofilms in vitro.Bone & joint research · 2026Article
- Fungal extracellular vesicles mediate conserved cross-species communication and immunomodulation.mBio · 2026Article
- Impact of extracellular vesicles from various species of Candida fungi on the cross-species interactions with human epithelial cells.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Impact of storage on the stability and the protective effect of extracellular vesicles released byApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Expanding Horizons: Next-Generation and Interdisciplinary Advances in the Applications of Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Review
- Growth conditions shape the proteome and diversity ofCell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Perspectives on Vaginal Ecology and Management of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Narrative Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Virulence and Stress-Related Proteins Are Differentially Enriched andJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles from DistinctACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Functional properties ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- A trans-acting sRNA SaaS targeting hilD, cheA and csgA to inhibit biofilm formation of S. Enteritidis.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles from diverse fungal pathogens induce species-specific and endocytosis-dependent immunomodulation.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Things you wanted to know about fungal extracellular vesicles (but were afraid to ask).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Dual function ofmBio · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Candida albicans can form biofilms that protect it from drugs and the immune system. The biofilm cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that promote extracellular matrix formation and resistance to antifungal drugs. Here, we define functions for numerous EV cargo proteins in biofilm matrix assembly and drug resistance, as well as in fungal cell adhesion and dissemination. We use a machine-learning analysis of cargo proteomic data from mutants with EV production defects to identify 63 candidate gene products for which we construct mutant and complemented strains for study. Among these, 17 mutants display reduced biofilm matrix accumulation and antifungal drug resistance. An additional subset of 8 cargo mutants exhibit defects in adhesion and/or dispersion. Representative cargo proteins are shown to function as EV cargo through the ability of exogenous wild-type EVs to complement mutant phenotypic defects. Most functionally assigned cargo proteins have roles in two or more of the biofilm phases. Our results support that EVs provide community coordination throughout biofilm development in C. albicans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.