ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2021
Primary vulvar squamous cell carcinomas with high T cell infiltration and active immune signaling are potential candidates for neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Positivity Rate of PD-L1 Expression and Its Clinical Significance in Vulvar Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of gynecologic cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Guideline
- Betrixaban activates cGAS-STING to promote antitumor immunity without pathological inflammation.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Risk stratification of groin node metastases in vulvar cancer biopsies based on histology and immunohistochemical staining.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2026Article
- Divergent immune ecosystems in HPV-associated and HPV-independent lower anogenital tract malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast and Female Genital Tract Cancers: Overlooked Potential and Unexplored Frontiers.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Decoding the diagnostic biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction related gene variants in pediatric T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Histopathological biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: the prognostic relevance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)-a retrospective study of 157 cases.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Monocyte infiltration is an independent positive prognostic biomarker in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Overall survival associated with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in metastatic vulvar cancer: A retrospective cohort study based on the SEER database.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2024Article
- The development of in vitro organotypic 3D vulvar models to study tumor-stroma interaction and drug efficacy.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Article
- An integrated model for prognosis in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy for recurrent or metastatic vulvar carcinoma: A case report and review of current guidelines.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2022Article
- Importance of the Immune Microenvironment in the Spontaneous Regression of Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (cSIL) and Implications for Immunotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Cuproptosis-related modification patterns depict the tumor microenvironment, precision immunotherapy, and prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA profound insight into the immune landscape of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is lacking. Here, an in-depth interrogation of T cell infiltration, local immune contexture, signaling pathways and checkpoint molecule expression was performed in early-stage and late-stage VSCC.
methodsThe type, location, and infiltration pattern of T cells were studied in 109 patients with primary VSCC FIGO stage I-III. RNA expression of genes involved in immune oncology and oncogenic signaling pathways was analyzed in 40 VSCC, matched for prognostic clinicopathological variables, analyzed for HPV and p53 status, and selected based on T cell infiltration.
resultsHigh intraepithelial infiltration with CD4 or CD8 T cells was associated with longer overall and recurrence-free survival and formed an independent prognostic factor, outperforming molecular subtype and stage of the disease. Strong T cell infiltrated VSCC displayed a coordinated immune response reflected by a positive association between T cells and different lymphocyte and myeloid cell subsets. The expression of genes involved in the migration of T cells and myeloid cells, T cell activation and costimulation, interferon (IFN)-γ signaling, cytotoxicity and apoptosis was higher than in low infiltrated tumors. An active immune signaling profile was observed in all inflamed, part of the altered-excluded and not in altered-immunosuppressed or deserted VSCC. While several checkpoint molecules were overexpressed, only
conclusionAn active immune signaling profile is present in 35% of primary FIGO I-III VSCCs, suggesting potential responsiveness to neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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