ArticleClinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology2021
Ketamine induces EEG oscillations that may aid anesthetic state but not dissociation monitoring.
Article in Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feasibility of Closed-Loop TCI Based on New EEG Baseline in the Presence of Low Dose of Esketamine: A Randomized Controlled Equivalence Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Ketamine Across the Dose-State Continuum: EEG Signatures, Network Dynamics, and Implications for Brain-State Monitoring in Anesthesia and Critical Care.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Electroencephalographic Patterns Associated with the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of GABAergic Agents, Opioids, and Ketamine During General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Monitoring the Depth of Sedation During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Clinical Recommendations.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Characteristics of electroencephalographic changes induced by different hypnotics in elderly patients: a narrative review.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2026Review
- Characterizing brain dynamics during ketamine-induced dissociation and subsequent interactions with propofol using human intracranial neurophysiology.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Activity-State Dependent Reversal of Ketamine-Induced Resting State EEG Effects by Clozapine and Naltrexone in the Freely Moving Rat.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveKetamine is an anesthetic drug associated with dissociation. Decreased electroencephalogram alpha (8-13 Hz) and low-beta (13-20 Hz) oscillation power have been associated with ketamine-induced dissociation. We aimed to characterize surface electroencephalogram signatures that may serve as biomarkers for dissociation.
methodsWe analyzed data from a single-site, open-label, high-density surface electroencephalogram study of ketamine anesthesia (2 mg/kg, n = 15). We assessed dissociation longitudinally using the Clinician Administered Dissociation States Scale (CADSS) and administered midazolam to attenuate dissociation and enable causal inference. We analyzed electroencephalogram power and global coherence with multitaper spectral methods. Mixed effects models were used to assess whether power and global coherence signatures of ketamine could be developed into dissociation-specific biomarkers.
resultsCompared to baseline, ketamine unresponsiveness was associated with increased frontal power between 0.5 to 9.3 Hz, 12.2 to 16.6 Hz, and 24.4 to 50 Hz. As subjects transitioned into a responsive but dissociated state (mean CADSS ± SD, 22.1 ± 17), there was a decrease in power between 0.5 to 10.3 Hz and 11.7 to 50 Hz. Midazolam reduced dissociation scores (14.3 ± 11.6), decreased power between 4.4 to 11.7 Hz and increased power between 14.2 to 50 Hz. Our mixed-effects model demonstrated a quadratic relationship between time and CADSS scores. When models (frontal power, occipital power, global coherence) were reanalyzed with midazolam and electroencephalogram features as covariates, only midazolam was retained.
conclusionsKetamine is associated with structured electroencephalogram power and global coherence signatures that may enable principled anesthetic state but not dissociation monitoring. SIGNIFICANCE: A neurophysiological biomarker for dissociation may lead to a better understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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