ArticlePloS one2021
Longitudinal stability and interrelations between health behavior and subjective well-being in a follow-up of nine years.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Longitudinal Examination of Loneliness and Smoking in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Multiple Dataset Study.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2026Article
- Cumulative associations between health behaviours, mental well-being, and health over 30 years.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Combined lifestyle habits, subjective well-being, and all-cause mortality among older adults in China.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Changes in life satisfaction and leisure-time physical activity across retirement transition: the FIREA cohort study.European journal of ageing · 2025Article
- Health-Promoting Behaviors and Their Associations With Factors Related to Well-Being Among Former National Football League Players: An NFL-LONG Study.Journal of athletic training · 2025Article
- Flourishing during stages of substance use recovery among members of The Phoenix: a United States sober-active community.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The mediating role of health behaviors in the relationship between internal locus of control and life satisfaction in public health students.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Chinese women's years of education and subjective well-being: an empirical analysis based on ordered Logit model and coupling coordination model.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Positive cardiovascular health: longitudinal investigation of sustained health behavior in a cross-lagged model.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Does Subjective Well-Being Improve Self-Rated Health from Undergraduate Studies to Three Years after Graduation in China?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association between subjective well-being and all-cause mortality among older adults in China.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Does exercise participation promote happiness?: Mediations and heterogeneities.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The Relationship between Social Participation and Subjective Well-Being among Older People in the Chinese Culture Context: The Mediating Effect of Reciprocity Beliefs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Relationship between Alcohol Drinking Indicators and Self-Rated Mental Health (SRMH): Standardized European Alcohol Survey (SEAS).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Changed health behavior improves subjective well-being and vice versa in a follow-up of 9 years.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe bidirectional relationship between health behavior and subjective well-being has previously been studied sparsely, and mainly for individual health behaviors and regression models. In the present study, we deepen this knowledge focusing on the four principal health behaviors and using structural equation modeling with selected covariates.
methodsThe follow-up data (n = 11,804) was derived from a population-based random sample of working-age Finns from two waves (2003 and 2012) of the Health and Social Support (HeSSup) postal survey. Structural equation modeling was used to study the cross-sectional, cross-lagged, and longitudinal relationships between the four principal health behaviors and subjective well-being at baseline and after the nine-year follow-up adjusted for age, gender, education, and self-reported diseases. The included health behaviors were physical activity, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, and smoking status. Subjective well-being was measured through four items comprising happiness, interest, and ease in life, and perceived loneliness.
resultsBidirectionally, only health behavior in 2003 predicted subjective well-being in 2012, whereas subjective well-being in 2003 did not predict health behavior in 2012. In addition, the cross-sectional interactions in 2003 and in 2012 between health behavior and subjective well-being were statistically significant. The baseline levels predicted their respective follow-up levels, the effect being stronger in health behavior than in subjective well-being.
conclusionThe four principal health behaviors together predict subsequent subjective well-being after an extensive follow-up. Although not particularly strong, the results could still be used for motivation for health behavior change, because of the beneficial effects of health behavior on subjective well-being.
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