Observational studyPloS one2021
Adverse events related to bystander naloxone administration in cases of suspected opioid overdose in British Columbia: An observational study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polydrug overdose mortality caused by synthetic opioids and stimulants: current sex- and age-specific trajectories in United States national data for 2018-2024.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Predictors of non-transport by emergency medical services after a nonfatal opioid overdose: a national analysis.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Naloxone.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Review
- Adverse Effects After Prehospital Administration of Naloxone by Bystanders: A Preliminary Study.Prehospital and disaster medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Guidance on take-home naloxone distribution and use by community overdose responders in Canada.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2023Article
- Transverse Myelitis in Naloxone Reversible Acute Respiratory Failure-A Case Report.Journal of education & teaching in emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Factors associated with take-home naloxone kit usage in British Columbia: an analysis of administrative data.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Impact of an overdose reversal program in the context of a safe consumption site in Northern Mexico.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
- Core competencies of peer workers who use pulse oximeters to supplement their overdose response in British Columbia.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTake-Home Naloxone programs have been introduced across North America in response to rising opioid overdose deaths. There is currently limited real-world data on bystander naloxone administration, overdose outcomes, and evidence related to adverse events following bystander naloxone administration.
methodsThe research team used descriptive statistics from Take-Home Naloxone administration forms. We explored reported demographic variables and adverse events among people who received by-stander administered naloxone in a suspected opioid overdose event between August 31, 2012 and December 31, 2018 in British Columbia. We examined and contextualized differences across years given policy, program and drug toxicity changes. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine whether an association exists between number of ampoules of naloxone administered and the odds that the recipient will experience withdrawal symptoms.
resultsA large majority (98.1%) of individuals who were administered naloxone survived their overdose and 69.2% had no or only mild withdrawal symptoms. Receiving three (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.64 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.08-2.48)) or four or more (AOR 2.19 (95% CI: 1.32-3.62)) ampoules of naloxone was significantly associated with odds of moderate or severe withdrawal compared to receiving one ampoule of naloxone.
conclusionsThis study provides evidence from thousands of bystander reversed opioid overdoses using Take-Home Naloxone kits in British Columbia, and suggests bystander-administered naloxone is safe and effective for opioid overdose reversal. Data suggests an emphasis on titration during bystander naloxone training in situations where the person experiencing overdose can be adequately ventilated may help avoid severe withdrawal symptoms. We identified a decreasing trend in the likelihood of moderate or severe withdrawal over the study period.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.