ReviewBreast cancer research and treatment2022
Current advances in immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations with radiation therapy or cryotherapy for breast cancer.
Review in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Single Arm Phase 2 Study of Peri-Operative Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Cryoablation in Women With Hormone Receptor-Negative, HER2-Negative Early Stage/Resectable Breast Cancer.
P-RAD: A Randomized Study of Preoperative Chemotherapy, Pembrolizumab and No, Low or High Dose RADiation in Node-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mechanism of breast cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment promoting radioresistance in breast cancer and its intervention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Current and future therapies for triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Awakening antitumour immunity in the multimorbid host: a hypothesis coupling cryoablation-induced immunogenic cell death with multi-target Traditional Chinese Medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Detection of Human Circulating and Extracellular Vesicle-Derived miRNAs in Serum of Humanized Mice Transplanted with Human Breast Cancer (HER2International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- New progress in imaging diagnosis and immunotherapy of breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cryoablation in the treatment of early breast cancer: a comprehensive analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Exosomes in Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2024Review
- Breast Cancer Cryoablation Fundamentals Past and Present: Technique Optimization and Imaging Pearls.Academic radiology · 2023Review
- Estrogen receptor blockade and radiation therapy cooperate to enhance the response of immunologically cold ER+ breast cancer to immunotherapy.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Article
- Leveraging cryoablation and checkpoint inhibitors for high-risk triple negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Additive pharmacological interaction between sirtuin inhibitor cambinol and paclitaxel in MCF7 luminal and MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2022Article
- Cryoablation reshapes the immune microenvironment in the distal tumor and enhances the anti-tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeImmune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has demonstrated clinically significant efficacy when combined with chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Although many patients derived benefit, others do not respond to immunotherapy, therefore relying upon innovative combinations to enhance response. Local therapies such as radiation therapy (RT) and cryotherapy are immunogenic and potentially optimize responses to immunotherapy. Strategies combining these therapies and ICI are actively under investigation. This review will describe the rationale for combining ICI with targeted local therapies in breast cancer.
methodsA literature search was performed to identify pre-clinical and clinical studies assessing ICI combined with RT or cryotherapy published as of August 2021 using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov.
resultsPublished studies of ICI with RT and IPI have demonstrated safety and signals of early efficacy.
conclusionRT and cryotherapy are local therapies that can be integrated safely with ICI and has shown promise in early trials. Randomized phase II studies testing both of these approaches, such as P-RAD (NCT04443348) and ipilimumab/nivolumab/cryoablation for TNBC (NCT03546686) are current enrolling. The results of these studies are paramount as they will provide long term data on the safety and efficacy of these regimens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.