ArticleThe British journal of clinical psychology2022
Post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression among frontline healthcare staff working during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in The British journal of clinical psychology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in healthcare workers before and during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Uncertainty and decision-making in critical care: lessons from managing COVID-19 ARDS in preparation for the next pandemic.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Pooled it
- Persistent Traumatic Stress Exposure: Rethinking PTSD for Frontline Workers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of SHAPE cognitive therapy coaching for PTSD and depression symptoms in healthcare workers repeatedly exposed to trauma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mental health of healthcare workers in England during the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic: The NHS CHECK study cohort.PloS one · 2026Article
- Negotiating the Unknown: Lessons Learned From Australian Healthcare Professionals Working Through the COVID19 Pandemic.Journal of nursing management · 2026Article
- Article
- Development of a multicomponent survey of experiences of tragedy-based and fear-based trauma in COVID-19 healthcare professionals.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Identifying post-traumatic stress symptom typologies in clinical and non-clinical healthcare staff: a latent profile analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Article
- Group early intervention eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy as a video-conference psychotherapy with frontline/emergency workers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and moral injury-An RCT study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- On the path to recovery: traumatic stress research during the COVID-19 pandemic 2021-2023.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Article
- Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and common mental disorders in health-care workers in England during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-phase cross-sectional study.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2023Article
- Investigating burn-out contributors and mitigators among intensive care unit nurses during COVID-19: a focus group interview study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Silver linings: will the COVID-19 pandemic instigate long overdue mental health support services for healthcare workers?British journal of anaesthesia · 2022Article
- Post-Pandemic Stress Disorder as an Effect of the Epidemiological Situation Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- 'The WOW factors': comparing workforce organization and well-being for doctors, nurses, midwives and paramedics in England.British medical bulletin · 2022Review
- Difference in Pandemic-Related Experiences and Factors Associated with Sickness Absence among Nurses Working in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Departments.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Postpandemic Stress Disorder among Health Care Personnel: A Cross-Sectional Study (Silesia, Poland).Behavioural neurology · 2022Article
- Is It Personal? The Effect of Personal vs. Occupational Trauma on PTSD Symptom Severity in Emergency Responders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesHigh rates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been reported for frontline healthcare staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, rates determined by diagnostic assessment are unknown, as are the onset of symptoms and associated index events.
methodsWe assessed frontline healthcare staff with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5.
resultsForty-four percent met criteria for PTSD and 39% met criteria for MDD. Twenty-four percent reported COVID-19 trauma as their index event, with the majority of staff reporting trauma that pre-dated the pandemic. While PTSD was likely to be pre-existing, MDD was more likely to develop during pandemic working.
conclusionThese findings indicate the propensity of healthcare staff to experience a range of occupational and personal trauma associated with PTSD and the need to assess index trauma when diagnosing psychopathology in order to best understand the needs of this workforce. PRACTITIONER POINTS: We found high diagnostic rates of PTSD (44%) and major depression (39%) among frontline healthcare staff working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although major depression developed during the pandemic, PTSD was more likely to be pre-existing. When assessing pandemic-related psychopathology, it is important to assess the onset and index event related to symptoms. Healthcare workers appear to have high rates of PTSD related to occupational and personal trauma, which warrants specific focus in service planning.
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Registered trials
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