ReviewHeliyon2021
Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and immunity, allergic response, infection, and asthma in children: review of epidemiologic studies.
Review in Heliyon, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Asthma and decreased lung function in children exposed to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): An updated meta-analysis unveiling research gaps.Environmental research · 2024Pooled it
- Childhood PFAS exposure and immunotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- In Utero Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Changes in Infant T Helper Cell Development among UPSIDE-ECHO Cohort Participants.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure profiles for pregnant women living in urban, rural, and remote areas of Suriname, South America suggest higher serum concentrations in remote rainforest communities.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and development of autoimmunity in humans and animals: a scoping review.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Association between perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and response to the COVID-19 vaccine in a paediatric prospective observational cohort in Arizona.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Observational
- Untargeted metabolomic profiling of childhood asthma: An exploratory analysis of anthropogenic chemicals and the serum metabolome.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Current Status of Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure on Lung Cell Biology and Pulmonary Outcomes along Human Health Risk Assessment Steps.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Forever Chemicals, Finite Defenses: PFAS Burden the Liver, Break Mitochondria, and Outpace Modern Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Tap Water Following an Accidental Release of Fire-Fighting Foam into the Drinking Water System in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, USA.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Early-Life Exposures, Neurodevelopment, and Health Outcomes: Protocol for a Birth Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Blood Spot per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Adolescents in Chitwan Valley, Nepal.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Relationship between perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and immunoglobulin E among Korean adults from Korean National Environmental Health Survey cycle 4 (2018-2020): a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Evaluation and comparison of tools used to quantify aggregate PFAS exposure: Extractable organic fluorine, PFAS burden scores and summed PFAS concentrations.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Models and challenges for studying forever chemicals and their impact on human health.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Enhance Cholesterol Accumulation and Dysregulate Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Article
- Prenatal Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposures, Newborn Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, and the Modifying Role of the Maternal Folate Level.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Review
- Visceral, Neural, and Immunotoxicity of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A Mini Review.Toxics · 2025Review
- Unregulated and Regulated PFASs in Bottled and Tap Water: Occurrence, Co-Occurrence Patterns, and Implications for Human Health and Regulatory Frameworks.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncreased exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) potentially affects infant and childhood health through immunosuppression. Given rapidly evolving research on PFAS, it is important to comprehensively examine the impact of PFAS exposure among the pediatric population as new research becomes available due to potential fragility of the developing immune system.
objectivesThis review assessed the effects of PFAS fetal, infant and childhood exposures upon the development of immune function during early life stages.
methodsResearchers completed a literature review, searching PubMed for human studies published since 2010 for PFAS and health outcomes among infants and children. Included articles incorporated key search terms in the title or abstract; non-research reports and non-English papers were excluded. The search identified 518 studies for possible inclusion. Following hands-on review, 34 were determined relevant. Subsequent analyses found 8 additional relevant articles, totaling 42 studies.
resultsMajor immune-related sequelae from PFAS exposures on infant and child health outcomes documented in recent literature include:• Strong indication of immunosuppression, with diminished childhood antibody response to vaccination, particularly with PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS exposures.• Some indication of increased risks of childhood infectious diseases/infections, particularly from PFOS exposures.• Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on allergic reactions/allergen specific IgE antibodies.• Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on atopic dermatitis (AD).• Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on asthma and lung function.
conclusionThis review summarizes recent findings of PFAS effects on infant and childhood immune health. Evidence of immunosuppression, diminished vaccine efficacy, and increased risk of infections, allergies, asthma and AD were described following
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.