ArticleJournal of hepatocellular carcinoma2021
Scirrhous Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Pooled Data Analysis of Clinical, Radiological, and Histopathological Features.
Article in Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Baseline CT imaging features combined with clinical indicators predict prognosis in unresectable HCC treated with HAIC plus targeted therapy and immunotherapy.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- Differentiating scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma from intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma based on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and serum biomarkers in an HBV-positive high-risk cohort: a multi-center study.European radiology · 2026Article
- [Detection and differentiation of atypical hepatocellular carcinomas].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT prediction of distinct vascular patterns in solitary early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma and its prognostic value.Insights into imaging · 2026Article
- Favorable outcome of immunotherapy in a rare subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- State-of-the-art review on the correlations between pathological and magnetic resonance features of cirrhotic nodules.Histology and histopathology · 2022Review
- Understanding the Immunoenvironment of Primary Liver Cancer: A Histopathology Perspective.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2022Review
- Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Five Rare Pathological Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAberrant subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) account for 20-30% of all HCCs and habitually present a challenge in diagnosis and treatment. Scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma (s-HCC) is often misdiagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma, fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, or metastasis.
methodsElectronic databases (PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) were searched for publications on scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma without date or language restrictions. Quality assessment was performed using a tool proposed by Murad et al for case reports and series. For observational studies, MINORS quality assessment tool was used. This study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020212323).
resultsS-HCC arises in patients with chronic hepatitis (hepatitis B in 60% and hepatitis C in 21%). S-HCC primarily affects men with a mean age of 55.8 years. Serum AFP is elevated above 20IU/mL in 66.7% of the patients. On ultrasound, s-HCC presents as hypoechoic or mosaic pattern lesions (47.6% each) and causes a retraction of the liver surface (70%) when near the capsule. Delayed enhancement of the tumor is evident in 87.0%. On MRI, 65.0% of s-HCCs show a target appearance. Histopathologic pattern is mostly irregular (97.6%). Lesions show a bulging appearance (100%), septae (85.6%) and a central scar (63.5%), and usually lack central necrosis (75%). Immunohistochemistry shows HepPar 1 positivity in 64.6%, CK7 in 40.7%, and EMA in 41.9%. The 5-year overall survival rate estimates 45.2% and 45.5% of the patients experience a recurrence after hepatectomy.
conclusionS-HCC is a rare subtype of HCC primarily arising in hepatitis- or cirrhosis-afflicted livers and incorporates atypical radiological and histopathological HCC features. Despite lower recurrence rates, overall survival of patients with s-HCC is poorer than generally for HCC, underlining the need for individualized treatment. Patients with atypical lesions of the liver should be referred to tertiary hospitals for interdisciplinary assessment and treatment.
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