ArticleOxidative medicine and cellular longevity2021
GDF-11 Protects the Traumatically Injured Spinal Cord by Suppressing Pyroptosis and Necroptosis via TFE3-Mediated Autophagy Augmentation.
Article in Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Davunetide promotes structural and functional recovery of the injured spinal cord by promoting autophagy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- GDF11 activates AMPK-dependent mitophagy to drive osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.American journal of stem cells · 2026Article
- Advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of trauma-induced organ inflammation and dysfunction.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-regulated cell death: a review on pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and related mechanisms.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- TFE3-mediated neuroprotection: Clearance of aggregated α-synuclein and accumulated mitochondria in the AAV-α-synuclein model of Parkinson's disease.Genes & diseases · 2025Article
- Underlying Mechanism of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization in CNS Injury: A Literature Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells modulate miR-202-3p to suppress neuronal apoptosis following spinal cord injury through autophagy activation via the AMPK, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Crosstalk Between Cell Death and Spinal Cord Injury: Neurology and Therapy.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- NEMO-Binding Domain/IKKγ Inhibitory Peptide Alleviates Neuronal Pyroptosis in Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting ASMase-Induced Lysosome Membrane Permeabilization.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The Role of Pyroptosis and Autophagy in the Nervous System.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Upregulation of UBR1 m6A Methylation by METTL14 Inhibits Autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury.eNeuro · 2023Article
- Advances in molecular therapies for targeting pathophysiology in spinal cord injury.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2023Review
- Elamipretide alleviates pyroptosis in traumatically injured spinal cord by inhibiting cPLA2-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Crosstalk between exosomes and autophagy in spinal cord injury: fresh positive target for therapeutic application.Cell and tissue research · 2023Review
- Identification of immunodiagnostic blood biomarkers associated with spinal cord injury severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Multifaceted Benefits of GDF11 Treatment in Spinal Cord Injury: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Emerging role of STING signalling in CNS injury: inflammation, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- Metformin Protects against Spinal Cord Injury and Cell Pyroptosis via AMPK/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2022Article
- RGS6 Drives Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting AMPK Pathway in Mice.Disease markers · 2022Article
- GDF11 supplementation improved retinal structure and function in retinal ischemia injury.Advances in ophthalmology practice and researchArticle
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to a major worldwide cause of accidental death and disability. However, the complexity of the pathophysiological mechanism can result in less-effective clinical treatment. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11), an antiageing factor, was reported to affect the development of neurogenesis and exert a neuroprotective effect after cerebral ischaemic injury. The present work is aimed at investigating the influence of GDF-11 on functional recovery following SCI, in addition to the potential mechanisms involved. We employed a mouse model of spinal cord contusion injury and assessed functional outcomes via the Basso Mouse Scale and footprint analysis following SCI. Using western blot assays and immunofluorescence, we analysed the levels of pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and molecules related to the AMPK-TRPML1-calcineurin signalling pathway. The results showed that GDF-11 noticeably optimized function-related recovery, increased autophagy, inhibited pyroptosis, and alleviated necroptosis following SCI. Furthermore, the conducive influences exerted by GDF-11 were reversed with the application of 3-methyladenine (3MA), an autophagy suppressor, indicating that autophagy critically impacted the therapeutically related benefits of GDF-11 on recovery after SCI. In the mechanistic study described herein, GDF-11 stimulated autophagy improvement and subsequently inhibited pyroptosis and necroptosis, which were suggested to be mediated by TFE3; this effect resulted from the activity of TFE3 through the AMPK-TRPML1-calcineurin signalling cascade. Together, GDF-11 protects the injured spinal cord by suppressing pyroptosis and necroptosis via TFE3-mediated autophagy augmentation and is a potential agent for SCI therapy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.