ArticleJournal of exercise science and fitness2021
Relationships between physical characteristics and biomechanics of lower extremity during the squat.
Article in Journal of exercise science and fitness, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evaluation of both overall and individual FMS components results in male and female groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Biomechanical Differences in Bilateral Lower Limb Movement During the Back Kick Technique of Outstanding Taekwondo Athletes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biomechanical assessment of upright birthing positions using marker-based and markerless motion capture systems.PloS one · 2025Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectiveThere is a lack of information about relationship between physical characteristics and biomechanics of the lower extremity during the squat. Additionally, studies did not examine sex-related differences. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between physical characteristics and biomechanics of the lower extremity during the squat, and to determine if any sex differences are present.
methodsFifty three participants recruited (21.82 ± 2.3 years; 75.56 ± 14.98 kg; 171.57 ± 8.38 cm) performed three squats with 75% of one repetition maximum. Femur to tibia length ratio, hip and ankle joints' flexibilities, and relative muscular strength were measured and used as physical characteristics. Net joint torques (NJT) and flexion angles of the lower extremity were extracted as dependent variables. Multiple regression (stepwise) analysis was conducted to examine the relationships with physical characteristics being factors. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine intercorrelations among the dependent variables.
resultsRelative muscular strength was related to hip NJT and knee flexion angle, and hip flexibility was related to ankle dorsiflexion. Hip and knee NJT showed moderate correlations with the corresponding flexion angles (r = 0.48-0.53; p < .01). Ankle dorsiflexion angle showed weak to moderate correlations with hip NJT and hip flexion angle (r = -0.36-0.50; p < .01) and a moderate correlation with knee NJT. No significant sex difference was observed (r = 0.52; p < .05).
conclusionBiomechanics of the lower extremity has been shown to correlate more with relative muscular strength and joint flexibility than with leg length ratio.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.