ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Bacteriophage T4 Vaccine Platform for Next-Generation Influenza Vaccine Development.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- CRISPR-Engineered Bacteriophage T4 for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Nanoparticle Vaccine Development.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- CRISPR-Cpf1-Mediated T4 Phage Genome Editing for One-Step In Vivo Display of Heterologous Protein.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Bacteriophages as vaccine platforms: Opportunities and challenges in translation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Microplastics of Broad Size Range Reduce Bacteriophage Activity in Aqueous Environments.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2025Article
- Addressing unexpected bacterial RNA safety concerns of E. coli produced influenza NP through CpG loaded mutant.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
- Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Phage Therapy in Ameliorating ETEC-Induced Diarrhea in Mice Models.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Prokaryote- and Eukaryote-Based Expression Systems: Advances in Post-Pandemic Viral Antigen Production for Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Second-Generation Phage Lambda Platform Employing SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Proteins as a Vaccine Candidate.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Use of virus-like particles and nanoparticle-based vaccines for combating picornavirus infections.Veterinary research · 2024Review
- Influenza A Vaccine Candidates Based on Virus-like Particles Formed by Coat Proteins of Single-Stranded RNA Phages Beihai32 and PQ465.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Bacteriophage T4 as a Protein-Based, Adjuvant- and Needle-Free, Mucosal Pandemic Vaccine Design Platform.Annual review of virology · 2024Review
- BacScan: a novel genome-wide strategy for uncovering broadly immunogenic proteins in bacteria.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Enhancing TB Vaccine Efficacy: Current Progress on Vaccines, Adjuvants and Immunization Strategies.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Review
- Isolation, biological and whole genome characteristics of a Proteus mirabilis bacteriophage strain.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Respiratory Viruses and Virus-like Particle Vaccine Development: How Far Have We Advanced?Viruses · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Developing influenza vaccines that protect against a broad range of viruses is a global health priority. Several conserved viral proteins or domains have been identified as promising targets for such vaccine development. However, none of the targets is sufficiently immunogenic to elicit complete protection, and vaccine platforms that can enhance immunogenicity and deliver multiple antigens are desperately needed. Here, we report proof-of-concept studies for the development of next-generation influenza vaccines using the bacteriophage T4 virus-like particle (VLP) platform. Using the extracellular domain of influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) as a readout, we demonstrate that up to ~1,281 M2e molecules can be assembled on a 120 x 86 nanometer phage capsid to generate M2e-T4 VLPs. These M2e-decorated nanoparticles, without any adjuvant, are highly immunogenic, stimulate robust humoral as well as cellular immune responses, and conferred complete protection against lethal influenza virus challenge. Potentially, additional conserved antigens could be incorporated into the M2e-T4 VLPs and mass-produced in
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.