Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34711975›Full record

ArticleNature medicine2021

Distinct mechanisms of long-term virologic control in two HIV-infected individuals after treatment interruption of anti-retroviral therapy.

Jana Blazkova, Feng Gao, Manukumar Honnayakanahalli Marichannegowda, J Shawn Justement, Victoria Shi, Emily J Whitehead, Rachel F Schneck, Erin D Huiting, Kathleen Gittens, Mackenzie Cottrell and 7 more

Abstract readCase Reports
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. CD8Nature · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. CD8medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Future of bNAbs in HIV Treatment.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Viral and immune predictors of HIV posttreatment control.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025
    Review
  14. HIV controllers: hope for a functional cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Jana Blazkova *Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6000-202X
Feng Gao *Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Manukumar Honnayakanahalli MarichannegowdaDepartment of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-7136
J Shawn JustementLaboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Victoria ShiLaboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Emily J WhiteheadLaboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Rachel F SchneckLaboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Erin D HuitingLaboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Kathleen GittensCritical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Mackenzie CottrellDivision of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Erika BenkoMaple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto ON, Canada.
Colin KovacsMaple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto ON, Canada.
Justin LackNIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Michael C SnellerLaboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Susan MoirLaboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Anthony S FauciLaboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Tae-Wook ChunLaboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. twchun@nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5153-7340

Funding

Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology CoreP30AI050410 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DAVID M. MARGOLIS · 2001 to 2026
$76.9M
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050410
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Certain infected individuals suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the absence of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Elucidating the underlying mechanism(s) is of high interest. Here we present two contrasting case reports of HIV-infected individuals who controlled plasma viremia for extended periods after undergoing analytical treatment interruption (ATI). In Participant 04, who experienced viral blips and initiated undisclosed self-administration of suboptimal ART detected shortly before day 1,250, phylogenetic analyses of plasma HIV env sequences suggested continuous viral evolution and/or reactivation of pre-existing viral reservoirs over time. Antiviral CD8

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralAnti-HIV AgentsCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesHIV-1HIV InfectionsPatient ComplianceAdultAntibodies, NeutralizingCD4 Lymphocyte Countenv Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusHumansImmunoglobulin GMaleMiddle AgedViral LoadViremiaAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralAnti-HIV Agentsenv Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusImmunoglobulin G

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.