ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2021
Hope for patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders - from mechanisms to trials.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obinutuzumab β for aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a phase 3 randomized controlled trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Safety and efficacy of ravulizumab in patients with NMOSD previously treated with rituximab: A post hoc analysis of the CHAMPION-NMOSD trial.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Trial
- Complement C3 inhibitory peptide AMY-101 ameliorates brain injury in a mouse model of NMOSD.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in non-oncological diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Recognition and management of acute relapse of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- Single-Cell Profiling Reveals Clonally Expanded CX3CR1Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Comprehensive Live Cell-Based Cytotoxicity Assay for Monitoring Disease Activity and Guiding Rescue Therapy in Acute Attacks of NMOSD.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Inebilizumab in AQP4-Seropositive NMOSD: One-Year Follow-Up From a Multicenter, Real-World Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Synergistic Interaction Between MALAT1/miR-30b-5p/BAFF Axis and Inflammatory Cytokines Underlies Rituximab-Refractory NMOSD.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Endothelial cell-secreted SPARC suppresses astrocytic CD59 expression and promotes astrocytopathy in a mouse model of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Neutrophil-microglia interaction drives motor dysfunction in a neuromyelitis optica model induced by subarachnoid AQP4-IgG.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- CAR T cell therapy in autoantibody-mediated neurological disorders: a promising strategy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab Versus Inebilizumab in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Dual-Center, Real-World Cohort Study.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Integrating B Cell Differentiation Model With Real-World Data Informs Determinants for Antibody-Secreting Cell Depletions in Systemic Sclerosis.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Natalizumab exacerbates astrocytopathy in NMOSD via blockade of endothelial VCAM1-astrocytic integrin α4 interaction.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Biomarkers for satralizumab treatment in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a prospective case series.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Changes in Blood Cells and Complements During Relapse Prevention Therapies for Aquaporin-4 Antibody-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Case Report: Recurrent sinus arrest induced by repeated vomiting.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Rare co-occurrence of NMOSD and capillary leak syndrome treated with satralizumab.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Why repair fails in AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease: an astrocyte-centered framework for remyelination and neuroaxonal preservation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory CNS disease that primarily manifests as relapsing episodes of severe optic neuritis and myelitis. Diagnosis of NMOSD is supported by the detection of IgG autoantibodies that target the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel, which, in the CNS, is an astrocyte-specific protein. AQP4 antibody binding leads to AQP4 internalization, complement-dependent and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and water channel dysfunction. Cumulative attack-related injury causes disability in NMOSD, so the prevention of attacks is expected to prevent disability accrual. Until recently, no regulator-approved therapies were available for NMOSD. Traditional immunosuppressant therapies, including mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and rituximab, were widely used but their benefits have not been assessed in controlled studies. In 2019 and 2020, five phase II and III randomized placebo-controlled trials of four mechanism-based therapies for NMOSD were published and demonstrated that all four effectively prolonged the time to first relapse. All four drugs were monoclonal antibodies: the complement C5 antibody eculizumab, the IL-6 receptor antibody satralizumab, the B cell-depleting antibody inebilizumab, which targets CD19, and rituximab, which targets CD20. We review the pathophysiology of NMOSD, the rationale for the development of these mechanism-based drugs, the methodology and outcomes of the five trials, and the implications of these findings for the treatment of NMOSD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.