ArticleScientific reports2021
Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus causes more severe and prolonged pneumonia in hamsters.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal Dynamics of Innate Immune Activation and Viral Interference During Sequential Co-Infection with Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Local and systemic host responses to influenza and concurrent or sequential SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Respiratory viral coinfections: interactions, mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Assessing Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection in Brazil: A Comprehensive Study of Patient Outcomes From 2020 to 2023.Journal of medical virology · 2025Observational
- Interactions between zoonotic pathogens and infectious disease spread: Why understanding mechanisms and modelling matters more than ever.Biosafety and health · 2025Review
- Modelling behavioural changes and vaccination in the transmission of respiratory viruses with co-infection.Journal of mathematical biology · 2025Article
- Taurultam shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- EIDD-2801 resists to infection and co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Pathology and host-pathogen interactions in a golden Syrian hamster model of Nipah virus infection.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus infection provides protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- High burden of viruses and bacterial pathobionts drives heightened nasal innate immunity in children.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- mRNA-encoded Cas13 treatment of Influenza via site-specific degradation of genomic RNA.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Review
- Respiratory Viral Coinfections: Insights into Epidemiology, Immune Response, Pathology, and Clinical Outcomes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- An RNA-hydrolyzing recombinant minibody prevents both influenza A virus and coronavirus in co-infection models.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Use of Sentinel Surveillance Platforms for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Activity: Evidence From Analysis of Kenya Influenza Sentinel Surveillance Data.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a serious public health concern worldwide. Notably, co-infection with other pathogens may worsen the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and increase fatality. Here, we show that co-infection with influenza A virus (IAV) causes more severe body weight loss and more severe and prolonged pneumonia in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. Each virus can efficiently spread in the lungs without interference by the other. However, in immunohistochemical analyses, SARS-CoV-2 and IAV were not detected at the same sites in the respiratory organs of co-infected hamsters, suggesting that either the two viruses may have different cell tropisms in vivo or each virus may inhibit the infection and/or growth of the other within a cell or adjacent areas in the organs. Furthermore, a significant increase in IL-6 was detected in the sera of hamsters co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and IAV at 7 and 10 days post-infection, suggesting that IL-6 may be involved in the increased severity of pneumonia. Our results strongly suggest that IAV co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 can have serious health risks and increased caution should be applied in such cases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.