SynthesisDiabetes care2021
Risks of and From SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 in People With Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Reviews.
Synthesis in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impacts of e-cigarette flavours: An overview of systematic reviews.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Endocrine complications of COVID-19: diabetes, musculoskeletal, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal disorders.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination and the risk for new-onset type 1 diabetes: a register-based population study in Sweden.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: An overview of systematic reviews and evidence and gap map.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Review
- Epithelial TMPRSS2 impairs glucose homeostasis in obese mice by regulating ghrelin-GLP-1 receptor signaling pathway.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Association Between Long-Term Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Hospitalized for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Observational
- Contextual impact of socio-economic inequalities on health: a case study of COVID-19 mortality among populations with and without diabetes in France.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Transcending risk factors: the implications of redefining diabetes as an immunometabolic disease for infectious disease studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical outcomes and predictive modeling in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The resident gut microbiome modulates the effect of synbiotics on the immunogenicity after SARS-COV-2 vaccination in elderly and diabetes patients.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Increased Incidence of New-Onset Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals with COVID-19 in an Underserved Urban Population in the Bronx.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global burden of type 2 diabetes: a study based on GBD 2021 data.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Electronic cigarettes and subsequent use of cigarettes in young people: An evidence and gap map.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Review
- Impact of Diabetes on COVID-19 Susceptibility: A Nationwide Propensity Score Matching Study.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Association between Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels and Vaccine Preventable Diseases: A Systematic Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Diabetes and infection: review of the epidemiology, mechanisms and principles of treatment.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- The prognostic significance of insulin resistance in COVID-19: a review.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Association of Premorbid GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i Prescription Alone and in Combination with COVID-19 Severity.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Article
- 4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024.Diabetes care · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis review was commissioned by the World Health Organization and presents a summary of the latest research evidence on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on people with diabetes (PWD). PURPOSE: To review the evidence regarding the extent to which PWD are at increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and/or of suffering its complications, including associated mortality. DATA SOURCES: We searched the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, Embase, MEDLINE, and LitCOVID on 3 December 2020. STUDY SELECTION: Systematic reviews synthesizing data on PWD exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection, reporting data on confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, admission to hospital and/or to intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19, and death with COVID-19 were used. DATA EXTRACTION: One reviewer appraised and extracted data; data were checked by a second. DATA SYNTHESIS: Data from 112 systematic reviews were narratively synthesized and displayed using effect direction plots. Reviews provided consistent evidence that diabetes is a risk factor for severe disease and death from COVID-19. Fewer data were available on ICU admission, but where available, these data also signaled increased risk. Within PWD, higher blood glucose levels both prior to and during COVID-19 illness were associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. Type 1 diabetes was associated with worse outcomes than type 2 diabetes. There were no appropriate data for discerning whether diabetes was a risk factor for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection. LIMITATIONS: Due to the nature of the review questions, the majority of data contributing to included reviews come from retrospective observational studies. Reviews varied in the extent to which they assessed risk of bias.
conclusionsThere are no data on whether diabetes predisposes to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Data consistently show that diabetes increases risk of severe COVID-19. As both diabetes and worse COVID-19 outcomes are associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, their intersection warrants particular attention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.