ArticleBMJ open2021
Maternal emotional and physical intimate partner violence and early child development: investigating mediators in a cross-sectional study in a South African birth cohort.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mediators of the Association Between a Parent's Experience of Trauma and Their Children's Well-Being: A Systematic Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2026Pooled it
- Violence Exposure and Cognitive Outcomes Among Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Systematic Review.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Maternal exposure to intimate partner violence and its association with diarrhoea prevalence and treatment among children under five in Nepal.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The potential pathway from maternal intimate partner violence to early childhood development through height-for-age z-score: evidence from 10 low- and middle-income countries.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Impact of Maternal Interpersonal Violent Trauma and Related Psychopathology on Child Outcomes and Intergenerational Transmission.Current psychiatry reports · 2024Review
- Linkages between maternal experience of intimate partner violence and child nutrition outcomes: A rapid evidence assessment.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association between maternal intimate partner violence and health-related quality of life in their preschool children: The mediating role of maternal parenting styles.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study investigated associations between recent maternal intimate partner violence (IPV) (emotional, physical and sexual) and child development at 2 years as well as whether maternal depression or alcohol use mediated these relationships.
designCross-sectional study nested in a South African birth cohort.
settingTwo primary care clinics in Paarl, South Africa.
participants626 mother-child pairs; inclusion criteria for maternal antenatal enrolment were clinic attendance and remaining in the study area for at least 1 year; women were excluded if a minor. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Child cognitive, language and motor development composite scores. These were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition.
resultsEmotional IPV was associated with lower cognitive (β=-0.32; 95% CI -0.60 to -0.04), language (β=-0.36; 95% CI -0.69 to -0.01) or motor composite scores (β=-0.58; 95% CI -0.95 to -0.20) in children at 2 years of age. Physical IPV was associated with lower motor scores (β=-0.42; 95% CI -0.75 to -0.09) at 2 years. Sexual IPV was unrelated to developmental outcomes, possibly due to low prevalence. Neither recent maternal depression nor alcohol use were shown to mediate the relationship between IPV and developmental outcomes.
conclusionsInterventions to reduce maternal physical and emotional IPV and early-life interventions for infants and toddlers are needed to promote optimal child development.
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