ArticleThe European respiratory journal2022
Baseline IL-6 is a biomarker for unfavourable tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a multisite discovery and validation study.
Article in The European respiratory journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Contribution of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to Body Defense and Healing in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Saudi medical journal · 2026Pooled it
- Immune endotypes in tuberculosis: Keys to decoding disease complexity.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Combining ADA, IFN-γ, and IL-6 as host biomarkers enhances diagnosis of paucibacillary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Inhalational therapy of pulmonary infectionActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- The value of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and osteopontin (SPP1) in tuberculosis treatment response monitoring.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Assessing mortality risk in pulmonary tuberculosis and severe malnutrition: development of the IIR marker via artificial intelligence.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Clinical prediction model of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia combined with influenza virus infection in pediatric patients in Gansu, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Endothelial, cytokine, and Th1/cellular host biomarkers discriminate complicated osteoarticular tuberculosis: a prospective single-center cohort study with ROC analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Observational
- Exploring the partial immunological mechanisms of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hepatitis B and tuberculosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care triage tests for pulmonary tuberculosis using host blood protein biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-beta in pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Impact of cytomegalovirus exposure on disease severity, bacterial burden, immune responses and treatment outcomes in tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Identification of biomarkers and construction of discriminating model for tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus based on proteomics: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Inclusion of patient-centered, non-microbiological endpoints and biomarkers in tuberculosis drug trials.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2025Review
- Transcriptional profile ofiScience · 2024Article
- Concomitant parasite infections influence tuberculosis immunopathology and favor rapid sputum conversion of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2024Article
- Circulating Biomarkers, Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide, and Lung Function in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The mechanism of Gejie Zhilao Pill in treating tuberculosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking verification.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Coexistent anemia modulates systemic inflammation and exacerbates disease severity and adverse treatment outcomes in tuberculosis.Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2024Article
- Distinct TB-antigen stimulated cytokine profiles as predictive biomarkers for unfavorable treatment outcomes in pulmonary tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBiomarkers of unfavourable tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes are needed to accelerate new drug and regimen development. Whether plasma cytokine levels can predict unfavourable TB treatment outcomes is unclear.
methodsWe identified and internally validated the association between 20
resultsPre-treatment interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-6 were associated with treatment failure in the discovery analysis. Internal validation confirmed higher pre-treatment IL-6 concentrations among failure cases compared with controls. External validation among predominantly diabetic TB patients found an association between pre-treatment IL-6 concentrations and subsequent recurrence and death. Similarly, external validation among predominantly HIV co-infected TB patients found an association between pre-treatment IL-6 concentrations and subsequent treatment failure and death. In a pooled analysis of 363 TB cases from the Indian and South African validation cohorts, high pre-treatment IL-6 concentrations were associated with higher risk of failure (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.16, 95% CI 1.08-4.33; p=0.02), recurrence (aOR 5.36, 95% CI 2.48-11.57; p<0.001) and death (aOR 4.62, 95% CI 1.95-10.95; p<0.001). Adding baseline IL-6 to a risk prediction model comprised of low body mass index, high smear grade and cavitation improved model performance by 15% (C-statistic 0.66
conclusionsPre-treatment IL-6 is a biomarker for unfavourable TB treatment outcomes. Future studies should identify optimal IL-6 concentrations for point-of-care risk prediction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.