ReviewHealth policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2022
Balancing financial incentives during COVID-19: A comparison of provider payment adjustments across 20 countries.
Review in Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Health financing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for universal health care: a case study of 15 countries.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Pooled it
- Financing Regimes and Case-Mix Complexity in Psychiatric Hospitals Beyond the Pandemic Shock-Insights from a Regional European Healthcare System.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Adjusting hospital reimbursements to the onset of a new disease: Lesson from Covid-19.Health policy OPEN · 2025Article
- Access to Services Within the Entrusted Budgets in Primary Healthcare in Poland from 2022 to 2025.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Extended Analysis of the Hospitalization Cost and Economic Burden of COVID-19 in Romania.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Health care provider payment schemes and their changes since 2010 across nine Central and Eastern European countries - a comparative analysis.Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Impact of DRG payment reform on revenue and expenditure structure of public hospitals in China: evidence from difference-in-differences analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Diverse roles of Primary Health Care in COVID-19 vaccination across 28 European countries - Insights from the Eurodata study.The European journal of general practice · 2024Article
- Unveiling the truth: is COVID-19 reimbursement in Colombia a flawed design? A cost-of-illness analysis for moderate, severe and critical infections.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Article
- The Israeli health system's rapid responses during the COVID-19 pandemic.Israel journal of health policy research · 2024Article
- Adjustments in purchasing arrangements to support the COVID-19 health sector response: evidence from eight middle-income countries.Health policy and planning · 2024Article
- How COVID-19 has changed the utilization of different health care services in Poland.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Lessons from health insurance responses in counteracting COVID-19: a qualitative comparative analysis of South Korea and three influential countries.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Article
- Hospital quality reporting in the pandemic era: to what extent did hospitals' COVID-19 census burdens impact 30-day mortality among non-COVID Medicare beneficiaries?BMJ open quality · 2023Article
- Cost-benefit analysis of Intensive Care Unit with Activity-Based Costing approach in the era COVID-19 pandemic: A case study from Iran.PloS one · 2023Article
- Medical Staff Shortages and the Performance of Outpatient Clinics in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Strategic purchasing and health systems resilience: Lessons from COVID-19 in selected European countries.Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- How to pay primary care physicians for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations: An analysis of 43 EU and OECD countries.Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
34 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Provider payment mechanisms were adjusted in many countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Our objective was to review adjustments for hospitals and healthcare professionals across 20 countries. We developed an analytical framework distinguishing between payment adjustments compensating income loss and those covering extra costs related to COVID-19. Information was extracted from the Covid-19 Health System Response Monitor (HSRM) and classified according to the framework. We found that income loss was not a problem in countries where professionals were paid by salary or capitation and hospitals received global budgets. In countries where payment was based on activity, income loss was compensated through budgets and higher fees. New FFS payments were introduced to incentivize remote services. Payments for COVID-19 related costs included new fees for out- and inpatient services but also new PD and DRG tariffs for hospitals. Budgets covered the costs of adjusting wards, creating new (ICU) beds, and hiring staff. We conclude that public payers assumed most of the COVID-19-related financial risk. In view of future pandemics policymakers should work to increase resilience of payment systems by: (1) having systems in place to rapidly adjust payment systems; (2) being aware of the economic incentives created by these adjustments such as cost-containment or increasing the number of patients or services, that can result in unintended consequences such as risk selection or overprovision of care; and (3) periodically evaluating the effects of payment adjustments on access and quality of care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.