ArticleBMC pharmacology & toxicology2021
Alteration of the gut microbiome in mycophenolate-induced enteropathy: impacts on the profile of short-chain fatty acids in a mouse model.
Article in BMC pharmacology & toxicology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The gut microbiome and allograft outcomes: implications for heart transplantation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Kidney Transplantation and the Gut-Kidney Axis: Microbial, Metabolic, and Nutritional Implications for Graft and Patient Outcomes.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressants rewire the gut microbiome-alloimmune axis through time-dependent and tissue-specific mechanisms.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Immunosuppressants Rewire the Gut Microbiome-Alloimmune Axis Through Time-Dependent and Tissue-Specific Mechanisms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Kidney transplantation and gut microbiota.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Review
- Familial clustering of dysbiotic oral and fecal microbiomes in juvenile dermatomyositis.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- The Microbiome and Pediatric Transplantation.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Review
- Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Human Gut Microbiota-Drug Interactions in the Precision Medicine Era.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Solid organ transplantation and gut microbiota: a review of the potential immunomodulatory properties of short-chain fatty acids in graft maintenance.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Review
- The Effect of the Gut Microbiota on Transplanted Kidney Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Establishment and characterization of an immortalized bovine intestinal epithelial cell line.Journal of animal science · 2023Article
- Mycophenolate Mofetil: A Friend or a Foe with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide and Tacrolimus Prophylaxis in HLA-Matched Donors?Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2022Article
- Is Intestinal Dysbiosis-Associated With Immunosuppressive Therapy a Key Factor in the Pathophysiology of Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMycophenolic acid (MPA) is the most widely used immunosuppressive drug in transplantation and for autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, more than 30% of patients experience a typical gastrointestinal adverse effect also referred to as mycophenolate-induced enteropathy. Due to its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, MPA exposure is associated with intestinal dysbiosis characterized by a decrease in density and diversity of the microbiome regarding the main bacterial phyla (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes). These bacterial phyla are known for their metabolic role in maintaining the homeostasis of the digestive tract, particularly through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that could contribute to the pathophysiology of mycophenolate-induced enteropathy. Our study aimed at deciphering short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profile alterations associated with gastrointestinal toxicity of MPA at the digestive and systemic levels in a mouse model.
methodsTen-week old C57BL/6 (SOPF) mice were randomly assigned in 2 groups of 9 subjects: control, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 900 mg/kg/day). All mice were daily treated by oral gavage for 7 days. Individual faecal pellets were collected at days 0, 4 and 8 as well as plasma at day 8 for SCFA profiling. Additionally, after the sacrifice on day 8, the caecum was weighted, and colon length was measured. The proximal colon was cut for histological analysis.
resultsMMF treatment induced around 10% weight loss at the end of the protocol associated with a significant decrease in caecum weight and a slight reduction in colon length. Histological analysis showed significant architectural changes in colon epithelium. Moreover, we observed an overall decrease in SCFA concentrations in faecal samples, especially regarding acetate (at day 8, control 1040.6 ± 278.161 μM versus MMF 384.7 ± 80.5 μM, p < 0.01) and propionate (at day 8, control 185.94 ± 51.96 μM versus MMF 44.07 ± 14.66 μM, p < 0.001), and in plasma samples for butyrate (at day 8, control 0.91 ± 0.1 μM versus MMF 0.46 ± 0.1 μM, p < 0.01).
conclusionsThese results are consistent with functional impairment of the gut microbiome linked with digestive or systemic defects during MMF treatment.
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