SynthesisJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Molecular mimicry of NMDA receptors may contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms in severe COVID-19 cases.
Synthesis in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- Possible temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Attention and memory after COVID-19 as measured by neuropsychological tests: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta psychologica · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19, Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis and MicroRNA.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Absence of autoantibodies linked to cancer and autoimmune disorders 26 weeks after BNT162b2 boosting in CoronaVac- primed individuals.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Neurodegenerative and Cognitive Consequences of Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A rare case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis presenting with subacute neuropsychiatric symptoms in an older patient.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2026Article
- Article
- Autoimmune Encephalitis in Pregnancy: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- The characteristic change of autoimmune encephalitis after the COVID-19 epidemic in Guangxi, China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Involvement of virus infections and antiviral agents in schizophrenia.Psychological medicine · 2025Review
- Case Presentation of Autoimmune Septin-5 Cerebellar Ataxia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- The Medicinal Species of the Lycium Genus (Goji Berries) in East Asia: A Review of Its Effect on Cell Signal Transduction Pathways.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19-associated encephalopathy in children.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody overlapping syndrome: insights from the recent case reports.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Acute onset psychiatric diseases after SARS-CoV-2 virus infection among pediatric patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The association between autoimmune encephalitis mediated by N-methyl-ᴅ-aspartate receptor autoantibodies and COVID-19: a systematic review.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis and concurrent neuroborreliosis misdiagnosed for post-COVID-19-syndrome: a case report.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2024Article
- Molecular Mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 Proteins and Human Self-Antigens Related with Autoimmune Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Seasonal variation and temporal relationship to the COVID-19 pandemic of NMDA receptor antibody results.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Approximately 30% of individuals with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections also develop neurological and psychiatric complaints. In rare cases, the occurrence of autoimmune encephalitis has been reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this systematic review, we have identified eight SARS-CoV-2-associated cases of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. All had cerebrospinal fluid antibodies against the NMDA receptor and a recent onset of working memory deficits, altered mental status, or psychiatric symptoms, such as confusion, agitation, auditory hallucination, catatonia and speech dysfunction. All patients received high-dose steroid and immunoglobulin therapeutics and conditions improved in each case. These findings suggest that clinical attention should be paid to warning signs of autoimmune encephalitis in severe COVID-19 cases. If characteristic features of autoimmune encephalitis are present, autoantibody diagnostics should be performed and confirmed cases should be treated with immunotherapy to minimize neurological impairments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.