ArticleBMC biology2021
Plastid phylogenomic insights into relationships of all flowering plant families.
Article in BMC biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers.
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124 citing papers in PubMed, 286 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phylogenomics Clarifies Plastome Reduction and Phylogenetic Relationships in Monotropoideae.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Evolutionary dynamics of the chloroplast genome in Abutilon (Malvoideae, Malvaceae).BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Enrichment Probe Sets Combining Universal and Lineage-Specific Targets Help Resolve Recalcitrant Lineages.Molecular ecology resources · 2026Article
- Evolution, Systematics and Classification of Commelinales (Commelinids, Monocots) Based on a Giant Morphological Taxon-Character Matrix.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Conservation Status, Plastome Diversity, and Evolutionary Diversification of Three ArabianBiology · 2026Article
- A robust phylogenomic framework supports a revised intrafamilial classification of Urticaceae.Plant diversity · 2026Article
- Pulsed evolution shaped extant angiosperm pollen disparity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Plastome evidence repositionsFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Plastid genome evolution and phylogenomics with broad taxon sampling: insights into intrafamilial classification of Hamamelidaceae.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- The complete mitochondrial genome ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- The complete chloroplast genome ofMitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources · 2026Article
- Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genomes in the subtribe Leptoboeinae (Gesneriaceae).Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
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- Comparative Plastome Analysis ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Insights into phylogenetic relationships ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- The complete chloroplast genome ofMitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources · 2026Article
- Evolutionary dynamics of the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis gene LAR.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Phylogenomic discordance is driven mainly by pervasive ancient hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting during the early divergence of major angiosperm lineages.Plant communications · 2025Article
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- Comparative plastome analysis of Schweinfurthia papilionacea and Schweinfurthia imbricata clarifying their taxonomic position in Lamiales.Scientific reports · 2025Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFlowering plants (angiosperms) are dominant components of global terrestrial ecosystems, but phylogenetic relationships at the familial level and above remain only partially resolved, greatly impeding our full understanding of their evolution and early diversification. The plastome, typically mapped as a circular genome, has been the most important molecular data source for plant phylogeny reconstruction for decades.
resultsHere, we assembled by far the largest plastid dataset of angiosperms, composed of 80 genes from 4792 plastomes of 4660 species in 2024 genera representing all currently recognized families. Our phylogenetic tree (PPA II) is essentially congruent with those of previous plastid phylogenomic analyses but generally provides greater clade support. In the PPA II tree, 75% of nodes at or above the ordinal level and 78% at or above the familial level were resolved with high bootstrap support (BP ≥ 90). We obtained strong support for many interordinal and interfamilial relationships that were poorly resolved previously within the core eudicots, such as Dilleniales, Saxifragales, and Vitales being resolved as successive sisters to the remaining rosids, and Santalales, Berberidopsidales, and Caryophyllales as successive sisters to the asterids. However, the placement of magnoliids, although resolved as sister to all other Mesangiospermae, is not well supported and disagrees with topologies inferred from nuclear data. Relationships among the five major clades of Mesangiospermae remain intractable despite increased sampling, probably due to an ancient rapid radiation.
conclusionsWe provide the most comprehensive dataset of plastomes to date and a well-resolved phylogenetic tree, which together provide a strong foundation for future evolutionary studies of flowering plants.
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