ArticleBMC psychiatry2021
Association between depression and antibiotic use: analysis of population-based National Health Insurance claims data.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Periconceptional antibiotic use and early- to mid-pregnancy psychological distress in a nationwide birth cohort: cross-sectional analysis from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Increased Antidepressant Prescriptions for Children and Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder in Japan Based on a Claims Database.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Black seed oil reverses chronic antibiotic-mediated depression and social behaviour deficits via modulation of hypothalamic mitochondrial-dependent markers and insulin expression.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFrequent exposure to antibiotic treatments may increase the risk of antibiotic resistance, which may threaten the effectiveness of future antibiotic treatments. Thus, it is important to identify the preventable risks in terms of antibiotic use. This study assessed the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and antibiotic use by comparing the likelihood and extent of antibiotic use between patients with and without MDD.
methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study utilized the National Patients Sample data from the 2017 Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We analyzed 16,950 patients with MDD, defined as those with at least two claims records stating a primary diagnosis of MDD (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes F32-33) and 67,800 patients without MDD (1:4 propensity-score matched control group). Antibiotic use was compared between the patients with and without MDD based on three variables: the presence of antibiotic prescriptions, total prescription days of antibiotics per year, and total medication costs of antibiotics per year.
resultsThe adjusted odds ratio obtained by multivariate regression analysis for the presence of prescription of antibiotics was 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-1.36). In the negative binomial model, the number of prescription days was 1.25 times (95% CI: 1.23-1.28) higher in patients with MDD than in those without MDD. Generalized linear model analysis showed a 1.39-fold (95% CI: 1.36-1.43) higher cost of antibiotic prescription in patients with MDD than in those without MDD.
conclusionsOur results suggest a potential association between MDD and the prescription of antibiotics, implying that patients with MDD are relatively vulnerable to infections. It is important to prevent as well as closely monitor the occurrence of infections when managing patients with MDD.
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