ReviewAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2021
Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in the Saliva of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Smokers (Vapers): A Comparative Analysis.
Review in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The use of E-cigarettes as a risk factor for oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer: a rapid review of clinical evidence.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2024Pooled it
- Subgingival Microbiome in Young Adult Cigarette Smokers, E-Cigarette Users, and Non-Smokers.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Article
- Prediction of Periodontal Disease Progression During Supportive Periodontal Therapy Using an Oral Fluid Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity-Based Test Strip.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- E-cigarette: a safe tool or a risk factor for oral cancer? A systematic review.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Review
- Oral health risks in adults who use electronic nicotine delivery systems and oral nicotine pouches: a critical review of the literature and qualitative synthesis of the available evidence.Harm reduction journal · 2024Review
- The Impact of E-Cigarettes on Oral Health-A Narrative Review.Dentistry journal · 2024Review
- Impact of prolonged exposure to occasional and regular waterpipe smoke on cardiac injury, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in male mice.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Factors influencing salivary lactate dehydrogenase levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Article
- DNA damage in human oral cells induced by use of e-cigarettes.Drug testing and analysis · 2023Review
- Lactate Dehydrogenase: The Beacon of Hope?Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2022Article
- Effects of preoperative serum lactate dehydrogenase levels on long-term prognosis in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Utility of salivary biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring the prognosis of nicotine addiction - A systematic review.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe examined the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme levels in the saliva of vapers (e-cigarette users) and compared the data with cigarette smokers and a control group of non-smokers and non-vapers.
methodsSubjects were recruited among those responding to a social media announcement or patients attending the SEGi Oral Health Care Centre between May and December 2019, and among some staff at the centre. Five ml of unstimulated whole saliva was collected and salivary LDH enzyme activity levels were measured with a LDH colorimetric assay kit. Salivary LDH activity level was determined for each group and compared statistically.
resultsEighty-eight subjects were categorized into three groups (control n=30, smokers n=29, and vapers n=29). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) values for salivary LDH activity levels for vapers, smokers, and control groups were 35.15 ± 24.34 mU/ml, 30.82 ± 20.73 mU/ml, and 21.45 ± 15.30 mU/ml, respectively. The salivary LDH activity levels of smoker and vaper groups were significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.031; 0.017). There was no significant difference of salivary LDH activity level in vapers when compared with smokers (p= 0.234).
conclusionOur findings showed higher LDH levels in the saliva of vapers when compared with controls, confirming cytotoxic and harmful effects of e-cigarettes on the oral mucosa.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.