ArticlePsychiatry investigation2021
Empathy and Theory of Mind in Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis: Relations With Schizotypy and Executive Function.
Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mentalizing Across the Psychosis Continuum in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Mentalizing in individuals with state and trait risk for psychosis: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Empathic accuracy in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Using a task with dynamic real-life emotional stimuli.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Modelling the longitudinal associations between schizotypy and aberrant salience: The role of mentalization and attachment.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2025Article
- Mentalizing impairments and hypermentalizing bias in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and at-risk mental state: the differential roles of neurocognition and social anxiety.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Theory of mind in schizophrenia through a clinical liability approach: a sib-pair study.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWhile recent studies have found deficits in theory of mind (ToM) skills in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, empathic tendencies in these subjects remain unclear. The presence of high schizotypy and compromised executive functions, which are found in UHR individuals, would affect ToM skills and empathic tendencies. We investigated the ToM skills and empathic tendencies of UHR individuals and examined their relationship with schizotypy and executive function.
methodsThis study included 28 UHR individuals and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants completed a self-reported empathic scale (Interpersonal Reactivity Index) and the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales. Additionally, the ToM Picture Stories Task and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were conducted.
resultsUHR individuals showed a trend toward lower self-reported empathic tendencies; however, there were no differences in ToM skills between the two groups. Of the four subscales of the IRI, only empathic concern showed a significant difference between the two groups. Empathic concern was inversely associated with negative schizotypy.
conclusionOur findings suggest that UHR individuals show relatively preserved cognitive empathy but compromised emotional empathy. Furthermore, in UHR individuals, the empathic concern subscale of the IRI was associated with negative schizotypy, while ToM skills were related to positive schizotypy and executive function.
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