ArticlePloS one2021
Is BMI associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in Bangladesh: A study with multiple statistical approaches.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Effect of prenatal multiple micronutrient supplements and medium-quantity lipid-based nutritional supplements on maternal weight gain and infant birth weight in rural Niger: a cluster-randomised trial.BMJ global health · 2025Trial
- Anaemia Prevalence, Severity and Sex Disparities Among Healthcare-Seeking Adults in Rural Chattogram Division, Bangladesh: Evidence From a Community-Based Portable Health Clinic Programme.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and risk factors for anaemia during pregnancy in Sylhet district of Bangladesh: a cohort study.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Factors associated with anemia in chronic kidney disease in the Brazilian population: national health survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
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- Underweight Status is Associated with Prevalent Anemia in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Article
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- Unveiling the Genetic Association Between Hemoglobin Concentration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Socio-Epidemiological Correlates of Anemia Among Non-Pregnant Females of East and West Uttar Pradesh, India: A NFHS-5 Secondary Data Analysis Highlighting the Need for Precision Public Policy.Public health challenges · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Underweight among Women of Reproductive Age in Rwanda: Analysis of the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2019/2020.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2025Article
- Exposure to solid and non-clean cooking fuels and the risk of obesity, hypertension, anemia, depression, and anxiety in women of reproductive age: a nationwide population-based study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Temporal changes in transcutaneous hemoglobin levels and their influencing factors in postpartum women: a longitudinal study.Nagoya journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Study Protocol: Assessing Anemia, Obesity, and Associated Risk Factors Among Health Sciences University Students in Wardha District: A Cross-Sectional Study for Healthcare Policy Development.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Age at menopause and multimorbidity in postmenopausal women.Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review · 2025Article
- An Examination of Iron-Deficiency Anemia and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Libyan Workers and Their Families.Cureus · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of nutritional status and anthropometric factors in anemia among adolescent girls in Pekanbaru, Indonesia.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Factors Influencing Iron Levels Among Women of Reproductive Age and Children 6-48 Months in Livestock-Keeping Communities in Narok County, Kenya.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Assessing anemia burden and multifactorial contributors among pregnant women in Gujarat: a cross-sectional study integrating biochemical, nutritional, and geographic disparities.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Association between blood hemoglobin levels, anemia, and body mass index in children and women of Myanmar: findings from a nationally representative health study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe coexistence of undernutrition and obesity is an emerging problem for developing countries like Bangladesh. Anemia is another critical public health threat, prevalent predominantly among women and children. Undernutrition is linked with a higher risk of anemia, and lower dietary iron intake might be the possible reason. However, the risk of anemia among obese/overweight individuals is controversial. The study explores the relation of BMI with anemia and blood hemoglobin level among women and children in Bangladesh.
methodsMultiple statistical approaches were employed to nationally representative secondary data (BDHS 2011) on women (n = 5680) age 15-49 years and children (n = 2373) age 6-59 months to illuminate the relation between BMI and anemia. BMI was categorized according to the WHO recommended BMI category for Asian people. Descriptive statistics were used to measure mean hemoglobin level. Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, Two-way ANOVA, binary, ordinal, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression were used to study the association of BMI with anemia and hemoglobin level.
resultsChi-square test reveals significant association, though not intense, among BMI and anemia categories of women (15-49 years) (χ2 ≥99, p<2.2e-16 and Cramér's V = 0.0799-0.1357). From ANOVA analysis, a significant difference in blood hemoglobin level was found among women (total sample and nonpregnant) with different BMI categories (p≤0.05). Binary (Severely Underweight: OR 1.2680, 95% CI 0.755-2.161; Obese: OR 0.4038, 95% CI 0.120-1.177), Ordinal logistic regression (Severely Underweight: OR 1.337, 95% CI 0.842-2.115; Obese: OR 0.504, 95% CI 0.153-1.411) and restricted cubic spline regression (Severely Underweight: OR >1.5; Obese: OR ~0.5) reveal that the risk of anemia was higher among underweight and lower among obese/overweight women compared to normal women. Lower anemia risk among richest women indicates probable higher dietary iron intake among obese/overweight women.
conclusionIn the current study, women with overweight/obesity from Bangladesh were shown to have lower likelihood of being anemic, while underweight women more likely to be anemic. However, no relation between BMI and anemia was found among children.
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