ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2021
The intersection of COVID-19 and autoimmunity.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 217 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between COVID-19 and New-Onset Autoimmune Diseases: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 97 Million Individuals.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of autoantibody responses in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-MDA5+ dermatomyositis following SARS-COV-2 infections: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Coronavirus disease 2019, vaccination against coronavirus and immunoglobulin A-mediated diseases: systematic literature review.Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Pooled it
- Systemic multi-omics analysis reveals interferon response heterogeneity and links lipid metabolism to immune alterations in severe COVID-19.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- From Viral Recovery to Autoimmunity: A Case Report of Rheumatoid Arthritis Emergence After COVID-19.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Editorial: Community series in SARS-CoV-2 variants, B lymphocytes, and autoreactivity, volume II.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Biological Plausibility Between Long-COVID and Periodontal Disease Development or Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Review
- Proteomic Profiling of Human Peripheral Blood Cell Targets of IgG Induced by SARS-CoV-2: Insights into Vaccine Safety.Vaccines · 2025Article
- The changes in global burden of autoimmune diseases two years after the COVID-19 pandemic: a trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- ICAM-1 autoantibodies detected in healthy individuals and cross-react with functional epitopes.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- The Involvement and Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Cardiovascular Pathology.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Prevalence of anti-nuclear antibodies in COVID-19 patients: a remarkable 2.5-fold rise compared to healthy controls.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Seronegative Autoimmune Hepatitis Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection.Cureus · 2025Article
- Incidence of diabetes mellitus following hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: A prospective observational study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Observational
- Long COVID-19 autoantibodies and their potential effect on fertility.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Rise and Rise of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Youth.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Review
- Transcriptome analysis of classical blood cells reveals downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes in the classical monocytes of long COVID patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide analysis reveals a highly conserved region that elicits potentially pathogenic autoantibodies: implications to pan-coronavirus vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 16 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Acute COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by diverse clinical presentations, ranging from asymptomatic infection to fatal respiratory failure, and often associated with varied longer-term sequelae. Over the past 18 months, it has become apparent that inappropriate immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Researchers working at the intersection of COVID-19 and autoimmunity recently gathered at an American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association Noel R. Rose Colloquium to address the current state of knowledge regarding two important questions: Does established autoimmunity predispose to severe COVID-19? And, at the same time, can SARS-CoV-2 infection trigger de novo autoimmunity? Indeed, work to date has demonstrated that 10% to 15% of patients with critical COVID-19 pneumonia exhibit autoantibodies against type I interferons, suggesting that preexisting autoimmunity underlies severe disease in some patients. Other studies have identified functional autoantibodies following infection with SARS-CoV-2, such as those that promote thrombosis or antagonize cytokine signaling. These autoantibodies may arise from a predominantly extrafollicular B cell response that is more prone to generating autoantibody-secreting B cells. This Review highlights the current understanding, evolving concepts, and unanswered questions provided by this unique opportunity to determine mechanisms by which a viral infection can be exacerbated by, and even trigger, autoimmunity. The potential role of autoimmunity in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 is also discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.