Trial reportInflammopharmacology2021
The effect of glutamine supplementation on serum levels of some inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and appetite in COVID-19 patients: a case-control study.
Trial report in Inflammopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of glutamine supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress indices in chronic diseases: a systematic review.Amino acids · 2026Pooled it
- Glutamine metabolism in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A review of the potential benefits and limitations of oral glutathione supplementation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Macronutrients as Regulators of Intestinal Epithelial Permeability: Where Do We Stand?Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Review
- Proof of Concept: Effects of an Immune-Enhancing Formula on Clinical Markers of Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Analysis of the Protective Effects ofNutrients · 2024Article
- Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID.NPJ science of food · 2024Review
- Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Diet and Dietary Supplements against COVID-19 Infection Risk and Symptoms' Severity.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Oxidative stress and food as medicine.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Amino acid metabolism in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- An integrative approach for compressive quality control of RespireAid™, a traditional Chinese medicine formula against SARS-CoV-2.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2023Article
- Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and TAC/Lymphocyte Ratio as Promising Predictive Markers in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Glutamine Deficiency Promotes Immune and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Diagnostic, Prognostic and Mechanistic Biomarkers of COVID-19 Identified by Mass Spectrometric Metabolomics.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Maintained imbalance of triglycerides, apolipoproteins, energy metabolites and cytokines in long-term COVID-19 syndrome patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The potential link between Covid-19 and multiple myeloma: A new saga.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Review
- Article
- Article
- Skeletal Muscle in Hypoxia and Inflammation: Insights on the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalnutrition is seen in COVID-19 patients, and reducing malnutrition with appropriate therapies may improve these patients' health. This case-control study aimed to assess and compare serum levels of some inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and appetite in COVID-19 patients with respiratory infections that receive glutamine treatment with a control group.
methodsIn this study, patients who consented to use glutamine were considered as the case group and other patients who did not use glutamine were considered as a control group. Two hundred twenty-two COVID-19 patients (51.2 ± 6.7) using L-Glutamine and 230 COVID-19 patients (51.3 ± 8.2) with similar age, gender, and clinical status, as the control group, were included in the study. For 5 days, the case group consumed 10 g of glutamine supplement three times per day. At the end of the 5 days, blood samples were taken again to test for serum levels of IL1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity, then all data were analyzed.
resultsSerum levels of β-1 interleukin, tumor necrosis factor-α and hs-CRP were significantly reduced with five days of glutamine supplementation (p < 0.05), and patients' appetite during 5 days of glutamine supplementation compared with the control group had a significant increase (p < 0.05).
conclusionGlutamine supplementation in COVID-19 patients with respiratory infection significantly reduces serum levels of interleukin-1 β, hs-CRP, and tumor necrosis factor-α and significantly increases appetite, so glutamine supplementation may be useful for COVID-19 patients in the hospital.
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