Trial reportClinical and translational science2022
Evaluation of the abuse potential of difelikefalin, a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, in recreational polydrug users.
Trial report in Clinical and translational science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and safety of difelikefalin for pruritus in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Renal failure · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous difelikefalin, a kappa opioid receptor agonist for the treatment of pruritus.BMC nephrology · 2024Trial
- Difelikefalin improves itch-related sleep disruption in patients undergoing haemodialysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Trial
- Assessment of the physical dependence potential of difelikefalin: Randomized placebo-controlled study in patients receiving hemodialysis.Clinical and translational science · 2023Trial
- The novel uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist esmethadone (REL-1017) has no meaningful abuse potential in recreational drug users.Translational psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Evaluation of the abuse potential of difelikefalin, a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, in recreational polydrug users.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Innovative Microneedle Patches for Psoriasis Treatment: A Dual Approach With Methotrexate-Zinc and Difelikefalin for Enhanced Therapeutic Outcomes.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Abuse potential assessment of novel central nervous system active and psychedelic substances for controlled substances act scheduling recommendations.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- CKD-Associated Pruritus: A Patient-Centered Approach to Reduce Symptom Burden.Kidney medicine · 2025Review
- Real-world safety of difelikefalin for chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus: initial insights from a European managed access programme.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- CKD-associated pruritus in haemodialysis: a road map for diagnosis and treatment.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Fibromyalgia and the Role of the Endogenous Opioid System.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Excretion of Intravenous [14C]Difelikefalin in Healthy Subjects and Subjects on Hemodialysis.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2023Article
- [Management of pruritus in the elderly].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Safety and effectiveness of HSK21542 for hemodialysis patients: a multiple ascending dose study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Alleviating symptoms in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis: a focus on chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Review
- The Latest FDA-Approved Pharmaceuticals Containing Fragments of Tailor-Made Amino Acids and Fluorine.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Difelikefalin in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- An updated assessment of the translational promise of G-protein-biased kappa opioid receptor agonists to treat pain and other indications without debilitating adverse effects.Pharmacological research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Difelikefalin, a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist with limited central nervous system penetration, is being developed for the treatment of chronic pruritic conditions. This randomized, double-blind, active- and placebo-controlled, four-way crossover study was designed to evaluate the abuse potential of difelikefalin in healthy recreational polydrug users. Using a 4 × 4 Williams design, nondependent adult users of opioids and hallucinogens (N = 44) were randomized to receive single intravenous (i.v.) injections of difelikefalin at supratherapeutic doses (5 and 15 mcg/kg); pentazocine (0.5 mg/kg), a schedule IV mu-opioid partial agonist and kappa-opioid receptor agonist; and placebo. The abuse potential of difelikefalin was compared with pentazocine and placebo using the maximal score (maximum effect [E
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.