ArticleIndian journal of ophthalmology2021
Relationship between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy - Neurodegenerative and microvascular changes.
Article in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of folic acid with vitamin B12/vitamin B6 intervention on serum homocysteine metabolism and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Diabetic Retinopathy in Bahraini Primary Care: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Clinical Predictors.Cureus · 2026Article
- Relationship Between the Degree of Diabetic Retinopathy and Serum Fractalkine (CX3CL1) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a retrospective descriptive study.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy, a Comprehensive Overview on Pathophysiology and Relevant Experimental Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Association of VDR FokI T>C (rs2228570) Gene Variants With T2DM, and Its Complications: Influence on BMI, Oxidative Stress, and Dyslipidemia.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- A Nationwide Study on the Prevalence of Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Greece-The PRENEDIG Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Micro- and Macrovascular Complications in Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Indians: Prevalence and Predictors in a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Algorithm for Predicting Diabetes Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Algorithm Development Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Article
- High Rosmarinic Acid ContentAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Glial cell alterations in diabetes-induced neurodegeneration.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Assessing the Features of Diabetic Foot Ulcers among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi Qar, Iraq.F1000Research · 2024Article
- The efficacy of oral pain relief cocktail during pan-retinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: a randomized clinical trial.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2023Article
- Construction and clinical validation of a nomogram-based predictive model for diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Analysis of risk and protective factors associated with retinal nerve fiber layer defect in a Chinese adult population.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- The mechanism and therapeutic strategies for neovascular glaucoma secondary to diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Changes in and the association of retinal blood perfusion and retinal nerves in diabetic patients without retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Genetic regulation ofFrontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo determine the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and their associated risk factors.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis on 500 patients who attended the Endocrinology department at a quaternary health care center in Kerala between November 2017 and April 2018. Patients above the age of 30 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were included. They underwent a detailed medical history, dilated fundus examination for DR, assessment and grading of DPN, and blood investigations. Among these, 49 randomly selected patients without DR had peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) assessed by optical coherence tomogram. RNFL and GCIPL changes in different grades of neuropathy were evaluated.
resultsOut of 500 patients, 303 (60.6%) were males and 197 (39.4%) were females. Prevalence of DR was 48% and DPN 71.8%. Risk factors for the development of DR included duration of DM >15 years, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) greater than 6.5%, serum creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dl, and the presence of DPN. There was a statistically significant association between DR and DPN. There was significant thinning of GCIPL in patients with moderate to severe neuropathy without DR.
conclusionThere is a significant association between DR and DPN and their severities. There are early changes in inner retinal layers of diabetic patients without microvascular changes of DR. These neurodegenerative changes parallel DPN in the course of DM. Our study stresses the importance of multidisciplinary approach in the management of diabetes and its complications.
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