Observational studyIndian journal of ophthalmology2021
Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor with and without topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in centre-involving diabetic macular edema.
Observational study in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of different routes of triamcinolone acetonide administration on macular edema: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Interferon alpha-2b addition to intravitreal bevacizumab for diabetic macular edema: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Comparison of three fundus inspection methods during phacoemulsification in diabetic white cataract.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Response to comment on: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor with and without topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in centre-involving diabetic macular edema.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Comment on: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor with and without topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in centre-involving diabetic macular edema.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Steroid Treatment in Macular Edema: A Bibliometric Study and Visualization Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIntravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is the mainstay in the management of center-involving diabetic macular edema (CI-DME). Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used to treat CI-DME as well. Whether there is any benefit of using both together has not been explored. The aim of this study was to compare visual acuity and OCT outcomes in patients with CI-DME who receive intravitreal anti-VEGF with and without topical NSAIDs in CI-DME.
methodsThis was A retrospective observational study in two centers in India. The study compared visual and OCT parameters of patients with CI-DME treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF monotherapy (group 1, N = 100) versus intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy with topical NSAIDs (group 2, N = 50) over 1-year follow-up. Continuous and categorical parameters were compared using parametric and nonparametric tests, respectively.
resultsOver the 1-year follow-up, group 2 received more mean number of intravitreal injections (group 1: 2.26 ± 1.71 vs. group 2: 3.74 ± 2.42; P < 0.0001). There were no differences between the groups in visual acuity and OCT thickness at 1-year follow-up.
conclusionCombination therapy of topical NSAIDs with intravitreal anti-VEGF did not show any beneficial effects in terms of visual outcomes, reduction in central subfoveal thickness, or reduction in the mean number of injections in our study.
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