Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34708428›Full record

ArticleTurkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences2021

Nanoemulsions as Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Rasha Khalid Dhahir, Amina Mudhafar Al-Nima, Fadia Yassir Al-Bazzaz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed.

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  16. Ophthalmic Nanoemulsion Fingolimod Formulation for Topical Application.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Rasha Khalid DhahirDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, IraqORCID 0000-0002-6462-4408
Amina Mudhafar Al-NimaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, IraqORCID 0000-0003-4090-0698
Fadia Yassir Al-BazzazDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, IraqORCID 0000-0002-1567-5145

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are liquid-in-liquid dispersion with a droplet size of about 100 nm. They have a transparent appearance, high rate of bioavailability, and increased shelf life. Nanoemulsions mainly consist of oil, water, surfactant, and cosurfactant and can be prepared by high- and low-energy methods. Diluted nanoemulsions are utilized for the delivery of ophthalmic drugs due to their capability to penetrate the deep layers of the ocular structure, provide a sustained release effect, and reduce the frequency of administration and side effects. These nanoemulsions are subjected to certain tests, such as safety, stability, pH profile, rheological studies, and so on. Cationic nanoemulsions are prepared for topical ophthalmic delivery of active ingredients from cationic agents to increase the drug residence time on the ocular surface, reducing their clearance from the ocular surface and improving drug bioavailability. This review article summarizes the main characteristics of nanoemulsions, ophthalmic nanoemulsions, and cationic nanoemulsions and their components, methods of preparation, and the evaluation parameters for ophthalmic nanoemulsions.

Indexed as

cationic nanoemulsionsNanoemulsionophthalmic drug delivery

Identifiers

PMID34708428
PMCPMC8562122

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.