ArticleFrontiers in genetics2021
The Causal Effects of Insomnia on Bipolar Disorder, Depression, and Schizophrenia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in Frontiers in genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risks Associated With Benzodiazepine Long-Term Use in Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and (Network) Meta-Analysis.Journal of sleep research · 2026Pooled it
- Pineal Gland Volume, Sleep Quality, and Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Investigating the Causal Relationship and Shared Genetic Basis Between Major Depression Disorder and Eight Types of Gastrointestinal Diseases.Genetics research · 2025Article
- Advances in the research of comorbid insomnia and depression: mechanisms, impacts, and interventions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Mendelian randomization studies on the causal relationship between insomnia and disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Optimising the use of electronic medical records for large scale research in psychiatry.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Gut microbial features may influence antiviral IgG levels after vaccination against viral respiratory infectious diseases: the evidence from two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The causal relationship between sleep and risk of psychiatric disorders: A two-sample mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Eyes wide open: sleep disturbance, not melatonin, is the real issue to address for suicide risk.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychiatric disorder, including bipolar disorder (BD), major depression (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ), affects millions of persons around the world. Understanding the disease causal mechanism underlying the three diseases and identifying the modifiable risk factors for them hold the key for the development of effective preventative and treatment strategies. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization method to assess the causal effect of insomnia on the risk of BD, MDD, and SCZ in a European population. We collected one dataset of insomnia, three of BD, one of MDD, and three of SCZ and performed a meta-analysis for each trait, further verifying the analysis through extensive complementarity and sensitivity analysis. Among the three psychiatric disorders, we found that only insomnia is causally associated with MDD and that higher insomnia increases the risk of MDD. Specifically, the odds ratio of MDD increase of insomnia is estimated to be 1.408 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.210-1.640,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.