ReviewClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
Sympathetic Ophthalmia: Where Do We Currently Stand on Treatment Strategies?
Review in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sympathetic ophthalmia induced by vitrectomy for endogenous fungal endophthalmitis: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Increased risk of sympathetic ophthalmia in ocular surgical patients with trauma history.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Sympathetic Ophthalmia as a Complication of Untreated Choroidal Melanoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Purpureocillium lilacinum-related endophthalmitis: case report.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2024Article
- Long-term clinical outcomes of patients with sympathetic ophthalmia.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Material risk: vitreoretinal surgery, evisceration, enucleation and sympathetic ophthalmia-where are we currently?Eye (London, England) · 2023Review
- Sympathetic Ophthalmia in Patients with Enucleation or Evisceration: Pathology Laboratory and IRISOcular oncology and pathology · 2023Article
- Bilateral Lupus Chorioretinopathy in a Patient With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Cureus · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare bilateral diffuse granulomatous panuveitis that usually results from surgical or penetrating trauma to one eye. The symptoms range from impaired near vision to pain, photophobia, and loss of visual acuity. Anterior segment manifestations include bilateral acute uveitis with mutton-fat keratic precipitates and posterior segment findings include vitritis, multifocal neurosensory retinal detachment, choroiditis, optic nerve edema, and Dalen-Fuchs nodules. The diagnosis is clinical. Ancillary investigations include fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultrasound B scan, and autofluorescence imaging. The management options include corticosteroids (topical and systemic) as the first line along with immunomodulatory therapy started at the presentation of the disease. Recent advances include imaging with OCT-angiography, enhanced depth imaging-OCT (EDI-OCT, choroidal vascular index/CVI), targeting IL-23/IL-17 pathway, and use of biologics for the management of this rare entity. Recent advances in early diagnosis and prompt treatment has led to improved final visual outcomes in both the sympathizing and exciting eye. This review is aimed at giving a comprehensive overview of sympathetic ophthalmia along with a special emphasis on current treatment strategies and recent advances.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.