ArticleNature communications2021
Lung mesenchymal stromal cells influenced by Th2 cytokines mobilize neutrophils and facilitate metastasis by producing complement C3.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global hotspots and trends in pre-metastatic niche research: a bibliometric analysis(2005-2024).Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Niches in cancer: from primary tumors to metastatic disease.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- IGF2BP2 remodels the lung metastatic immune microenvironment to promote bladder cancer metastasis.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Pregnancy promotes tumor metastasis through adenosine-induced immunosuppressive neutrophils in pre-metastatic microenvironment.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Fibroblast-derived CCL2 orchestrates immune responses and defends against Staphylococcus aureus skin infection.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Tumor-Derived Complement C3 Overexpression in STK11-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Drives Tumor Growth and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Resistance.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Cell death crosstalk in NET-Driven inflammation: mechanisms, disease contexts, and therapeutic perspectives.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- SQLE as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for LIHC: a multi-cohort and spatial study.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps and severe mycoplasma pneumonia: A clinical observational study.Medicine · 2026Observational
- The Complosome: An Emerging Intracellular Complement Network in Cancer Development and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in the tumor microenvironment, metastasis, therapy, and beyond: advances, challenges, and perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of tumor-associated neutrophils: bridging the gap between cancer progression and immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Uncovering ShuangZi Powder's Anti-Ovarian Cancer Mechanism: A Systems Biology and Experimental Approach.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Plasticity and NETosis in Tumour Microenvironment: Tumour Evolution and Therapy Resistance.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Rearming mesenchymal stem cells with engineering strategies to combat cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor-derived sphingosine-1-phosphate shapes angiogenesis in the acidic microenvironment of osteosarcoma via paracrine and autocrine signaling.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Advances in Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as a Promising Approach for Breast Cancer Treatment.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps promote lung colonization of triple-negative breast cancer by inducing mesenchymal to epithelial transition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- [Research Advances on the Immune Evasion Mechanisms of Disseminated Tumor Cells and Their Roles in Cancer Metastasis].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Review
- Impact of complement C3 levels on the development of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care patients: a retrospective case-control study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pre-metastatic niche formation is critical for the colonization of disseminated cancer cells in distant organs. Here we find that lung mesenchymal stromal cells (LMSCs) at pre-metastatic stage possess potent metastasis-promoting activity. RNA-seq reveals an upregulation of complement 3 (C3) in those LMSCs. C3 is found to promote neutrophil recruitment and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which facilitate cancer cell metastasis to the lungs. C3 expression in LMSCs is induced and sustained by Th2 cytokines in a STAT6-dependent manner. LMSCs-driven lung metastasis is abolished in Th1-skewing Stat6-deficient mice. Blockade of IL-4 by antibody also attenuates LMSCs-driven cancer metastasis to the lungs. Consistently, metastasis is greatly enhanced in Th2-skewing T-bet-deficient mice or in nude mice adoptively transferred with T-bet-deficient T cells. Increased C3 levels are also detected in breast cancer patients. Our results suggest that targeting the Th2-STAT6-C3-NETs cascade may reduce breast cancer metastasis to the lungs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.