Trial reportBMJ open2021
Response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy in men and women: a secondary analysis of the SMART-AV randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00677014 (SMARTDELAY Determined AV Optimization), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
SMARTDELAY Determined AV Optimization: A Comparison to Other AV Delay Methods Used in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial intelligence models in prediction of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: a systematic review.Heart failure reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Conduction system pacing is superior to biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure: Insights from the pooled clinical studies.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Deep Learning-Based Prediction Model for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Responders Using Electrocardiogram Data.Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology · 2026Article
- Actionable partnerships for shaping healthcare's future by closing the equitable access gap and delivering meaningful change.Journal of public health policy · 2025Review
- Sex Specific Outcomes With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure Having Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of medicine open · 2025Review
- Impact of empiric antibiotics on risk ofAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Consequences of preoperative cardiac stress testing-A cohort study.Journal of clinical anesthesia · 2023Article
- Position Statement on Ischemic Heart Disease - Women-Centered Health Care - 2023.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThere is a controversy about whether both sexes' response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is similar. We aimed to assess a causal effect of sex on CRT response.
designSecondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) data. Doubly robust augmented-inverse-probability-weighted (AIPW) estimation of sex effect on CRT response.
settingThe SmartDelay Determined Atrioventricular (AV) Optimisation (SMART-AV) RCT.
participantsThe SMART-AV RCT enrolled New York Heart Association class III-IV patients with heart failure (HF) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% despite optimal medical therapy and QRS duration ≥120 ms, in sinus rhythm. After exclusion of those with missing outcome or covariates, 741 participants (age 66±11 years; 33% female; 78% white; LVEF 28%±9%; 58% ischaemic cardiomyopathy; 75% left bundle branch block; left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) 65±30 mL/m
interventionsImplanted CRT defibrillator with randomly assigned AV delay as either (1) fixed at 120 ms, or (2) echocardiography-determined, or (3) SmartDelay algorithm-programmed. OUTCOME: A composite of freedom from death and HF hospitalisation and a >15% reduction in LVESVI at 6 month post-CRT was the endpoint.
resultsThe primary endpoint was met by 337 patients (45.5%); 134 were women (55.6% response) and 203 were men (40.6% response); p<0.0001. After conditioning for 33 covariates that included baseline demographic, clinical, ECG, echocardiographic and biomarker characteristics, known predictors of CRT response, logistic regression showed a higher probability for composite CRT response for women versus men (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.98; p<0.0001), whereas AIPW estimation showed no difference in CRT response (average treatment effect 0.88; 95% CI 0.41 to 1.89; p=0.739). After removing colliders from the model, both logistic regression (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.44) and AIPW (ATE 1.06; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.16) reported similar results.
conclusionsBoth sexes' response to CRT is similar. Sex differences in HF substrate, treatment and comorbidities explain sex disparities in CRT outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier; NCT00677014.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.