Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34706879›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2021

Equity of geographical access to public health facilities in Nepal.

Wen-Rui Cao, Prabin Shakya, Biraj Karmacharya, Dong Roman Xu, Yuan-Tao Hao, Ying-Si Lai

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Article in BMJ global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Wen-Rui CaoDepartment of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Prabin ShakyaDepartments of Public Health and Community Programs, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
Biraj KarmacharyaDepartments of Public Health and Community Programs, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
Dong Roman XuACACIA Labs, SMU Institute for Global Health (SIGHT) and Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Yuan-Tao HaoDepartment of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Ying-Si LaiDepartment of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China laiys3@mail.sysu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-4324-5465

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionGeographical accessibility is important against health equity, particularly for less developed countries as Nepal. It is important to identify the disparities in geographical accessibility to the three levels of public health facilities across Nepal, which has not been available.

methodsBased on the up-to-date dataset of Nepal formal public health facilities in 2021, we measured the geographical accessibility by calculating the travel time to the nearest public health facility of three levels (ie, primary, secondary and tertiary) across Nepal at 1×1 km

resultsBoth geographical accessibility and its equality were better under the motorised mode compared with the walking mode. If motorised transportation is available to everyone, the population coverage within 5 min to any public health facilities would be improved by 62.13%. The population-weighted average travel time was 17.91 min, 39.88 min and 69.23 min and the Gini coefficients 0.03, 0.18 and 0.42 to the nearest primary, secondary and tertiary facilities, respectively, under motorised mode. For primary facilities, low accessibility was found in the northern mountain belt; for secondary facilities, the accessibility decreased with increased distance from the district centres; and for tertiary facilities, low accessibility was found in most areas except the developed areas like zonal centres. The potential locations of new facilities differed for the three levels of facilities. Besides, the majority of inequalities of geographical accessibility were from within-province.

conclusionThe high-resolution geographical accessibility maps and the assessment of inequality provide valuable information for health resource allocation and health-related planning in Nepal.

Indexed as

Health Services AccessibilityTravelGeographyHealth FacilitiesHumansNepalgeographic information systemshealth systemspublic health

Identifiers

PMID34706879
PMCPMC8552161

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.