ArticleBiomaterials research2021
Three-dimensional printed polylactic acid scaffold integrated with BMP-2 laden hydrogel for precise bone regeneration.
Article in Biomaterials research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- 3D printed scaffolds loaded with BMP-2 for bone defect regeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Preliminary Formulation-Dependent Angiogenesis-Related and Early Osteogenic Responses to Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Hydroxyapatite-Acrylated Palm Olein Scaffolds: An In Vitro Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Enhancing bioactivity of 3D-printed porous scaffolds with self-assembling peptide hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering.3D printing in medicine · 2026Article
- 3D-printed artificial bone scaffolds: the design of materials, the incorporation of bioactive substances, and the integration of vascularized tissue flaps.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Immunological control of skin development: from homeostasis to developmental pathologies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Osteointegration of functionalised high-performance oxide ceramics: imaging from micro-computed tomography.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Emerging Biomedical and Clinical Applications of 3D-Printed Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Devices and Delivery Systems.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Innovative Developments in Lumbar Interbody Cage Materials and Design: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Asian spine journal · 2024Article
- PVA Hydrogels Supplemented with PLA Mesh for Tissue Regeneration Scaffold.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Enhanced bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects through BMP2 release from engineered poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Functionalized 3D-Printed PLA Biomimetic Scaffold for Repairing Critical-Size Bone Defects.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Multi-modulation of immune-inflammatory response using bioactive molecule-integrated PLGA composite for spinal fusion.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- 3D bioprinting of human mesenchymal stem cells-laden hydrogels incorporating MXene for spontaneous osteodifferentiation.Heliyon · 2023Article
- rhBMP-2-Conjugated Three-Dimensional-Printed Poly(L-lactide) Scaffold is an Effective Bone Substitute.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Article
- Development of polycaprolactone grafts with improved physical properties and body stability using a screw extrusion-type 3D bioprinter.International journal of bioprinting · 2023Article
- State-of-the-art techniques for promoting tissue regeneration: Combination of three-dimensional bioprinting and carbon nanomaterials.International journal of bioprinting · 2023Article
- Advances and Innovations of 3D Bioprinting Skin.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Article
- Fabrication of Mucoadhesive Films Containing Pharmaceutical Ionic Liquid and Eudragit Polymer Using Pressure-Assisted Microsyringe-Type 3D Printer for Treating Oral Mucositis.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCritical bone defects remain challenges for clinicians, which cannot heal spontaneously and require medical intervention. Following the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is widely used in bone tissue engineering for its outstanding customizability. The 3D printed scaffolds were usually accompanied with growth factors, such as bone morphometric protein 2 (BMP-2), whose effects have been widely investigated on bone regeneration. We previously fabricated and investigated the effect of a polylactic acid (PLA) cage/Biogel scaffold as a carrier of BMP-2. In this study, we furtherly investigated the effect of another shape of PLA cage/Biogel scaffold as a carrier of BMP-2 in a rat calvaria defect model and an ectopic ossification (EO) model.
methodThe PLA scaffold was printed with a basic commercial 3D printer, and the PLA scaffold was combined with gelatin and alginate-based Biogel and BMP-2 to induce bone regeneration. The experimental groups were divided into PLA scaffold, PLA scaffold with Biogel, PLA scaffold filled with BMP-2, and PLA scaffold with Biogel and BMP-2 and were tested both in vitro and in vivo. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis was used to determine whether statistically significant difference exists between groups.
resultThe in vitro results showed the cage/Biogel scaffold released BMP-2 with an initial burst release and followed by a sustained slow-release pattern. The released BMP-2 maintained its osteoinductivity for at least 14 days. The in vivo results showed the cage/Biogel/BMP-2 group had the highest bone regeneration in the rat calvarial defect model and EO model. Especially, the bone regenerated more regularly in the EO model at the implanted sites, which indicated the cage/Biogel had an outstanding ability to control the shape of regenerated bone.
conclusionIn conclusion, the 3D printed PLA cage/Biogel scaffold system was proved to be a proper carrier for BMP-2 that induced significant bone regeneration and induced bone formation following the designed shape.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.