ArticleBMC nephrology2021
Growth differentiation factor-15 and incident chronic kidney disease: a population-based cohort study.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Diabetic Kidney and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathogenic Driver or Protective Modulator.Diabetes · 2026Review
- Associations Between Growth Differentiating Factor-15 and Frailty in Older Adults From the MAPT Study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Crosstalk in the kidney-muscle axis: myokines and muscle-relevant mediators in chronic kidney disease-associated sarcopenia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Associations of growth differentiation factor 15 with kidney function in frail and pre-frail older individuals: the mediating role of inflammation and oxidative stress.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Integrating Novel Biomarkers into Clinical Practice: A Practical Framework for Diagnosis and Management of Cardiorenal Syndrome.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tracing the molecular landscape of diabetic nephropathy: Insights from machine learning and experiment verification.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Intermuscular Adipose Tissue in CKD: A Window into Muscle Quality and Health?Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Review
- Biomarkers in Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Advances in Early Detection, Risk Assessment, and Prevention Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- GDF15, EGF, and Neopterin in Assessing Progression of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Using Artificial Intelligence Tools-A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Serum growth differentiation factor 15 as a biomarker for malnutrition in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Advanced Heart Failure: Beyond GFR and Proteinuria.Current heart failure reports · 2022Review
- Serum Growth Differentiation Factor-15/Albumin Ratio as a 2-Year Survival Marker of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Initiating Maintenance Hemodialysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Association of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 with Arterial Stiffness and Endothelial Function in Subpopulations of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery · 2022Article
- Short-term blood pressure variability and outcomes in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unclear. We sought to examine whether plasma GDF-15 was related to incident CKD and kidney function decline using a large prospective cohort study.
methods4318 participants of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study-Cardiovascular Cohort were examined in 1991-1994. Incidence of CKD was followed prospectively by linkage with national patient registers. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was available for all participants at baseline, and was re-measured in a subgroup of 2744 subjects after 16.6 ± 1.49 years. Incidence of CKD was examined in relation to GDF-15 using Cox regression analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of GDF-15 with eGFR change and eGFR-based CKD. Models were carefully corrected for potential confounders including baseline eGFR, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and competing risk from death.
results165 patients developed CKD after 19.2 ± 4.04 years of follow-up. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) for CKD in 4th versus 1st quartile of GDF-15 was 2.37 (1.33, 4.24) (p for trend < 0.01). Each per 1 standard deviation increase in GDF-15 was associated with a decline in eGFR of - 0.97 mL/min/1.73 m
conclusionsGDF-15 predicted incidence of CKD and eGFR decline in the general population, independent of a wide range of potential risk factors and competing risk of death.
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