ArticleBMC geriatrics2021
Changes in prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated risk factors 2000-2015 in São Paulo, Brazil.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of dementia in Latin America and Caribbean countries: Systematic review and meta-analyses exploring age, sex, rurality, and education as possible determinants.Ageing research reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Associations between socioeconomic status and adverse childhood experiences with multidimensional healthy aging: findings from ELSI-Brazil.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Cognitive impairment and associated factors among community-dwelling older adults with hypertension in tropical China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Cognitive ageing among older Latin American immigrants: current evidence and limitations.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- The influencing factors of cognitive impairment in elderly individuals in Chengdu city: a cross-sectional study based on AD8.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- The prevalence and risk factors study of cognitive impairment: Analysis of the elderly population of Han nationality in Hunan province, China.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Trends in the Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults Aged 65 to 105 Years - China, 2002-2018.China CDC weekly · 2022Article
- Frequency of LATE neuropathologic change across the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology: combined data from 13 community-based or population-based autopsy cohorts.Acta neuropathologica · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDecreases in prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia over the last two decades have been observed in different countries for cohorts entering older age. This study aimed to assess the cognitive impairment prevalence and explore associated factors among subjects aged >60 living in São Paulo, Brazil.
methodData came from a population-based Health, Welfare and Aging survey conducted in 2000, 2006, 2010, and 2015. Cognitive impairment was detected using the abbreviated Mini-Mental State Exam corrected by formal education years. In total, there were 5922 respondents in the statistical analyses.
resultsLogistic regression models adjusted for age group, income, race, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression were used to estimate cognitive impairment prevalence. Between 2015 and 2000, respondents were more likely to report formal education, hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity. Moreover, the weighted analyses showed that cognitive impairment prevalence was higher in 2015, even adjusting for sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression.
conclusionIn contrast to decreases in cognitive impairment prevalence in other countries and despite increases in educational years, our findings suggest no secular improvements in cognitive health for the 2015 wave of older adults residing in São Paulo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.