ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021
The role of school enjoyment and connectedness in the association between depressive and externalising symptoms and academic attainment: Findings from a UK prospective cohort study.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Longitudinal Relations between School Connectedness and Internalizing Problems during Early Adolescence.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- Changes in children's well-being and mental health across the early school years: Links with academic and social competence.Developmental psychology · 2025Article
- The Effect of Screen Time and Positive School Factors in the Pathway to Child and Youth Mental Health Outcomes.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Parental education and children's depression, anxiety, and ADHD traits, a within-family study in MoBa.NPJ science of learning · 2024Article
- Mediators of the association between childhood body mass index and educational attainment: Analysis of a UK prospective cohort study.Pediatric obesity · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPrevious research on the relationship between children's depressive and externalising symptoms, experience of school, and academic attainment is inconclusive. The aims of this study were (i) to test bidirectional associations between children's school experience and depressive and externalising symptoms at age 10-11 and 13-14, (ii) to ascertain whether school experience age 13-14 is associated with academic attainment age 16, and (iii) to test whether school experience mediates the relationship between depressive or externalising symptoms and attainment.
methodsData was used from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n=6,409). A cross-lagged model was used to investigate bidirectional associations between school experience (enjoyment and connectedness) and depression and externalising at age 10-11 and 13-14. The same framework was used to test if school experience aged 13-14 mediated associations of depressive and externalising symptoms with later attainment.
resultsDepressive and externalising symptoms at 10-11 were negatively associated with school connectedness (depressive: standardised β=-0.06, CI: -0.11, 0.01; externalizing: β=-0.13, CI: -0.17, -0.08), and school enjoyment at 13-14 (depressive β=-0.04, -0.08, 0.03; externalising: β=-0.08, CI: -0.13, -0.03). School enjoyment at 13-14 was positively associated with attainment at 16 (β=0.10, CI: 0.04, 0.15), and partially mediated associations between depressive and externalising symptoms at 10-11 and attainment at 16 (depressive: proportion mediated 2.2%, CI: -1.5, 5.9; externalising: proportion mediated; 4.7%, CI: 0.7, 10.1,). LIMITATIONS: Results may be subject to residual confounding.
conclusionsSchool enjoyment is a potentially modifiable risk factor that may affect educational attainment of adolescents with depressive or externalising symptoms.
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