ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021
Mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation among unpaid caregivers of adults in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: Relationships to age, race/ethnicity, employment, and caregiver intensity.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the complexities: A scoping review of the collateral effects on informal caregivers during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.Palliative care and social practice · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a carer need screening tool (CNST-11) for carers of older adults: a need-stratified tool for services matching.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- Using technology to provide individualized respite for caregivers in rural communities.Frontiers in health services · 2025Article
- Caregiving During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study with Older Cisgender Sexual Minority Women in the United States.LGBT health · 2024Article
- Social isolation consequences: lessons from COVID-19 pandemic in a context of dynamic lock-down in Chile.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The Caregiving Burden of Older People with Functional Deficits and Associated Factors on Malaysian Family Caregivers.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Article
- Exploring Barriers to Effective COVID-19 Risk Mitigation, Recovery, and Chronic Disease Self-Management: A Qualitative Multilevel Perspective.Patient related outcome measures · 2024Article
- Large Language Model-Powered Conversational Agent Delivering Problem-Solving Therapy (PST) for Family Caregivers: Enhancing Empathy and Therapeutic Alliance Using In-Context Learning.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2024Article
- Extended impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Trajectories of mental health and substance use among U.S. adults, September 2020-August 2021.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Coping Behaviors and Health Status during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Caregivers of Assisted Living Residents in Western Canada.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2023Article
- Home Palliative Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.The American journal of hospice & palliative care · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Aftermath: Exploring the Mental Health Emergency among Students at a Northern Italian University.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prior sleep-wake behaviors are associated with mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among adult users of a wearable device in the United States.Sleep health · 2022Article
- A Review Study on the Trends of Psychological Challenges, Coping Ways, and Public Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Vulnerable Populations in the United States.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Older Primary Care Patients and Their Family Members.Journal of aging research · 2022Article
- Substance abuse and neurotransmission.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Caregiving for People With Dementia or Cognitive Impairment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review.Gerontology & geriatric medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnpaid caregivers of adults play critical roles in health care systems by providing care to older adults and those with chronic conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened caregiving needs, forcing some into caregiving roles and disrupting others. We sought to estimate the prevalence of and identify factors associated with adverse mental health symptoms, substance use, and suicidal ideation amongst unpaid caregivers of adults versus non-caregivers.
methodsDuring June 24-30, 2020, surveys were administered to U.S. adults. Quota sampling and survey weighting were implemented to improve sample representativeness of age, gender, and race/ethnicity.
resultsOf 9,896 eligible invited adults, 5,412 (54.7%) completed surveys and 5,011 (92.6%) met screening criteria and were analyzed, including 1,362 (27.2%) caregivers. Caregivers had higher adverse mental health symptom prevalences than non-caregivers, including suicidal ideation (33.4% vs 3.7%, p < 0.0001). Symptoms were more common among caregivers who were young vs older adults (e.g., aged 18-24 vs ≥65 years, aPR 2.75, 95% CI 1.95-3.88, p < 0.0001) and with moderate and high vs low Caregiver Intensity Index scores (2.31, 1.65-3.23; 2.81, 2.00-3.94; both p < 0.0001). LIMITATIONS: Self-report data may be subject to recall, response, and social desirability biases; unpaid caregivers were self-identified; child caregiving roles were not assessed; and internet-based survey samples might not fully represent the U.S. POPULATION:
conclusionsCaregivers experienced disproportionately high levels of adverse mental health symptoms. Younger caregivers and those with higher caregiving intensity were disproportionately affected. Increased visibility of and access to mental health care resources are urgently needed to address mental health challenges of caregiving.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.