Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34705150›Full record

ArticleAIDS and behavior2022

Understanding Repeat Positive HIV Testing in South Africa Under Changing Treatment Guidelines.

Maria F Nardell, Bethany Hedt-Gauthier, Valerie A Earnshaw, Laura M Bogart, Janan J Dietrich, Ingrid Courtney, Gugulethu Tshabalala, Jacob Bor, Catherine Orrell, Glenda Gray and 2 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS and behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. HIV retesting among people living with HIV in Lesotho in 2022.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.

Maria F NardellDivision of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Thorn Building 14th Floor, Boston, MA, 02120, USA. mnardell@bwh.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1186-3595
Bethany Hedt-GauthierDepartment of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Valerie A EarnshawDepartment of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA.
Laura M BogartRAND Corporation, Santa Monica, USA.
Janan J DietrichPerinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Ingrid CourtneyDesmond Tutu Health Foundation, University of Cape Town Medical School, Cape Town, South Africa.
Gugulethu TshabalalaPerinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Jacob BorDepartment of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
Catherine OrrellDesmond Tutu Health Foundation, University of Cape Town Medical School, Cape Town, South Africa.
Glenda GrayPerinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
David R BangsbergOregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, USA.
Ingrid T KatzHarvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USDesmond Tutu HIV Foundation · ZASouth African Medical Research Council · ZABoston University · USHarvard University · USPerinatal HIV Research Unit · ZAPortland State University · USRAND Corporation · USUniversity of Delaware · US

Funding

UCLA Rapid, Relevant, Rigorous Implementation Science HubP30MH058107 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Cathy J Reback · 1997 to 2026
$53.5M
PROGRAM FOR AIDS CLINICAL RESEARCH TRAINING (PACRT)T32AI007433 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI MARK J SIEDNER · 1992 to 2026
$11.4M
HIV Treatment Refusal Among Adults Presenting for Testing in Soweto, South AfricaK23MH097667 · NIMH · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI KATZ, INGRID T. · 2012 to 2016
$922k
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases T32 A1007433NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007433NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH097667NIMH NIH HHS P30 MH058107U.S. National Institute for Mental Health P30MH058107
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Some people with HIV (PWH) test positive multiple times without initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). We surveyed 496 ART-eligible PWH following routine HIV testing at three clinics in Soweto and Gugulethu, South Africa in 2014-2015. Among repeat positive testers (RPTs) in this cohort, we compared rates of treatment initiation by prior treatment eligibility and assessed psychosocial predictors of treatment initiation in logistic regression models. RPTs represented 33.8% of PWH in this cohort. Less than half of those who reported eligibility for ART on prior testing started treatment upon retesting, in contrast to two thirds of RPTs who were previously ineligible for treatment who started treatment once they learned of their eligibility. Those who reported coping through substance use were more likely to decline treatment versus those not using substances. PWH who test repeatedly represent a vulnerable population at risk for ART non-initiation who may benefit from interventions addressing individualized coping strategies.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsHIV InfectionsHIV SeropositivityHIV TestingHumansSouth AfricaAnti-HIV AgentsAntiretroviral treatment initiationCopingRepeat positive testingRetestingSouth Africa

Identifiers

PMID34705150
PMCPMC9007825
OpenAlexW3210599416

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.