ArticleClinical and experimental vaccine research2021
Evaluation of the antigenic stability of influenza virus like particles after exposure to acidic or basic pH.
Article in Clinical and experimental vaccine research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Downstream Purification Strategies for Virus-like Particles: A Systematic Review of Structure Preservation, Impurity Control, and Viral Safety.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Formulation, Characterization, and In Vivo Immunogenicity of Heat-Stabilized Dissolvable Microneedles Containing a Novel VLP Vaccine.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Insect Cell-Based Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Virus-like Particles Vaccine Elicits Potent Immune Responses in Mice.Vaccines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeVirus-like particles (VLPs) are being developed as a promising vaccine platform and therapeutic delivery. Various strategies for effectively constructing VLPs have been studied, but relatively few studies have been done on various factors affecting storage. In this study, we investigated the antigenic changes of VLPs in an acidic or basic pH environment using influenza VLPs as an experimental model. MATERIALS AND
methodsInfluenza VLPs containing hemagglutination and M1 proteins were generated and their antigenicity and protective immunity
resultsVLP exposed to basic pH showed similar levels of antigenicity to those stored in neutral pH, while antigenicity of VLP exposed to acidic pH was found to be significantly reduced compared to those expose neutral or basic pH. All groups of mice responded effectively to low concentrations of virus infections; however, VLP vaccine groups exposed to acid pH were found not to induce sufficient protective immune responses when a high concentration of influenza virus infection.
conclusionIn order for VLP to be used as a more powerful vaccine platform, it should be developed in a strategic way to respond well to external changes such as acidic pH conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.