ReviewTaiwan journal of ophthalmology
Current management strategies for atypical macular holes.
Review in Taiwan journal of ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Relaxing retinectomy and autologous retinal transplant for complex retinal detachment with macular hole: a case series.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Article
- A delphi consensus study for treatment of full-thickness macular hole in Taiwan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Vitrectomy with amniotic membrane transplantation for macular choroidal coloboma with macular hole and posterior scleral staphyloma: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Update on surgical management of complex macular holes: a review.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2021Review
- A 24 month follow-up of refractory macular holes treated with an autologous transplantation of internal limiting membrane versus retina expansion technique.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2021Article
- Revision Surgery for Idiopathic Macular Hole after Failed Primary Vitrectomy.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
This review evaluates the current surgical management options for refractory and atypical macular holes (MH) and proposes a treatment paradigm for approaching complex cases. A review of literature was performed to deliver a thorough discussion of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of MH as well as the historic evolution of surgical management strategies. With this context established, an update on recent surgical advances for management of large, chronic, and highly myopic MH is provided. New small MH may be adequately treated with pars plana vitrectomy, while those ≥300 μm should undergo internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel. For MH ≥400 μm with risk factors for failure, primary intervention should involve creation of an ILM flap and various methods of flap creation are discussed. For very large MH ≥700 μm or in refractory cases, autologous retinal transplants and other recently proposed procedures should be considered. While typical MHs enjoy high initial surgical success rates, atypical and refractory MH require additional intraoperative and postoperative considerations to maximize surgical success and optimize vision. With many techniques at the surgeon's disposal, patient selection becomes critical to improving outcomes.
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Registered trials
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