Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34703255›Full record

ReviewInfection and drug resistance2021

Magnitude of Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Medically Important Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses: A Systematic Review.

Adugna Endale, Girmay Medhin, Koyamo Darfiro, Nigatu Kebede, Mengistu Legesse

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Infection and drug resistance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06815835 (A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel, Three-arm, Open-label, Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Immunological Non-interference of Measles and Rubella Vaccine), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06815835 phase3not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel, Three-arm, Open-label, Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Immunological Non-interference of Measles and Rubella Vaccine (Live) I.P. (Freeze Dried) of M/s. Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. With Yellow Fever Vaccine Administered to Bangladeshi Healthy Infants Aged 9-12 Months

TypeinterventionalSponsorInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, BangladeshRan2025 to 2026Enrolled1,530ConditionsMeasles, Rubella, Yellow FeverArmsMeasles-Rubella vaccine (Live) I.P. (Freeze Dried) of M/s. Zydus Lifesciences Ltd, Yellow fever Vaccine (WHO prequalified)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. A decade of West Nile virus surveillance in the host and vector populations of Denmark, 2011 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025
    Article
  13. Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Blood Donors in Mainland Portugal.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025
    Article
  14. Cellular Immune Response in Horses After West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Article
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  18. Seroprevalence of Zika virus and dengue virus infections in migrants in Italy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Adugna EndaleAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID 0000-0001-6030-4012
Girmay MedhinAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Koyamo DarfiroDepartment of External Quality Assessment, Hossaena Public Health Institute Laboratory, Hossaena, Ethiopia.
Nigatu KebedeAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mengistu LegesseAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Addis Ababa University · ETDire Dawa University · ET

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionFlaviviruses are a genus of enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses that include dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus, West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus, and Zika virus. Nowadays, diverse serological assays are available to diagnose flaviviruses. However, infection with flaviviruses induces cross-reactive antibodies, which are a challenge for serological diagnosis.

objectiveThis systematic review aimed to assess the magnitude of medically important mosquito-borne flavivirus-induced antibody cross-reactivity and its influence on serological test outcomes.

methodsThis study was designed based on the PRISMA guidelines. It includes original research articles published between 1994 and 2019 that reported serological cross-reactions between medically important mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Articles were searched on PubMed using controlled vocabulary. Eligibility was assessed by title, abstract, and finally by reading the full paper. The articles included are compared, evaluated, and summarized narratively.

resultsA total of 2,911 articles were identified, and finally 14 were included. About 15.4%-84% of antibodies produced against non-DENV flaviviruses were cross-reactive with DENV on different assays. Up to 30% IgM and up to 60% IgG antibodies produced against non-WNV flaviviruses were cross-reactive with WNV on EIA assays. The magnitude of antibodies produced against flaviviruses that are cross-reactive with chikungunya virus (

conclusionThis review found the highest cross-reaction between DENV and non-DENV flaviviruses, especially yellow fever virus, and the least between chikungunya virus and DENV. Moreover, cross-reaction was higher on IgG assays than IgM ones and assays based on Eprotein compared to NS1protein. This implies that the reliability of serological test results in areas where more than one flavivirus exists is questionable. Therefore, interpretation of the existing serological assays should be undertaken with a great caution. Furthermore, research on novel diagnostic signatures for differential diagnosis of flaviviruses is needed.

Indexed as

antibodiescross-reactionmosquito-borne flavivirusesserological diagnosis

Identifiers

PMID34703255
PMCPMC8541746
OpenAlexW3205781517

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.