Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34703150›Full record

ArticleJournal of global infectious diseases

Association between Cholera Outbreak and Traditional Gold Mining in Northern State, Sudan 2017.

Mohamed Ali Alzain, Mogahid Hassan Haruwn, Mohamed Osman Abdelaziz, Mohamed Elsheikh, Collins Otieno Asweto, Fahad D Algahtani, Adeniyi Abolaji Adeboye, Najm Eldinn Elsser Elhassan, Ramaiah Itumalla

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of global infectious diseases. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Risk factors for cholera mortality: A scoping review.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025
    Article
  2. Multistate cholera outbreak in Sudan amid ongoing armed conflict, 2023-2024.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mohamed Ali AlzainDepartment of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mogahid Hassan HaruwnPrimary Health Care, Ministry of Health Northern State, Dongola, Sudan.
Mohamed Osman AbdelazizDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Dongola, Dongola, PO BOX 47, Dongola 41111, Sudan.
Mohamed ElsheikhDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Dongola, Dongola, PO BOX 47, Dongola 41111, Sudan.
Collins Otieno AswetoDepartment of Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Embu, PO Box 6-60100 Embu, Kenya.
Fahad D AlgahtaniDepartment of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Adeniyi Abolaji AdeboyeDepartment of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Najm Eldinn Elsser ElhassanDepartment of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ramaiah ItumallaDepartment of Health Management, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail, PO BOX 2440, Hail 81451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCholera is one of the health problems causing considerable morbidity and mortality. The Northern State of Sudan experienced a recent cholera outbreak, however, there are limited data on the outbreak.

methodsThe objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and risk factors associated with the cholera outbreak in the Northern State of Sudan. A retrospective case series study was conducted in the Northern State of Sudan, which involved tracing cases of cholera outbreak of 2017. Data were collected through reports and interviews. A geographical information system was used to map all cases during the outbreak. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to identify associated factors.

resultsThere were 957 cholera cases reported in the state with an attack rate of 14.2/10,000 persons. Dalgo locality had the highest number (415) of cases reported with an attack rate of 167.2/10,000 persons. About 78% of cases were adult males, while 56.2% of cases were immigrants from other states. Immigrants in Halfa and Dalgo localities were four times (odds ratio [OR] = 4.031, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.482-6.547) and eight times (OR = 8.318, 95% CI: 5.674-12.193), respectively, at risk of cholera infection compared to immigrants in Dongola locality. The overall case-fatality rate was 1.9%. This was significantly higher in younger (5.8%) and older (22.7%) age groups (

conclusionsThe study revealed that the cholera outbreak spread highly along with traditional gold mining areas due to poor sanitation. Therefore, improving sanitation services and establishing an effective surveillance system in these areas are essential to prevent future occurrence of outbreaks.

Indexed as

CholeraNorthern StateoutbreakSudantraditional gold mining

Identifiers

PMID34703150
PMCPMC8491817

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.