ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2022
Phthalate and novel plasticizer concentrations in food items from U.S. fast food chains: a preliminary analysis.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic evidence mapping informs a class-based approach to assessing personal care products and pubertal timing.Environment international · 2023Pooled it
- Urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and oxidative stress biomarkers in pre- and perimenopausal women from the Midlife Women's Health Study.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Microplastics at the Intersection of Toxicology, Child Health, and Human Rights.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2026Article
- Development of Membrane Transport-Inspired Biomimetic System to Degrade Plasticizers.Chemistry, an Asian journal · 2026Article
- The impact of junk food on male fertility in mice: therapeutic interventions targeting advanced glycation end-products and oxidative stress.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Placental toxicity of alternative plasticizers: Current knowledge and future directions.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Mediating effect of social determinants of health between race and phthalate biomarkers in pregnancy.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- The Cellular Effects of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Non-Malignant Colonic Epithelia Involve Oxidative Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Urinary and circulatory levels of plasticizer metabolites and their associations with renal function: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES cohort.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Phthalate exposure to adult mice alters non-coding RNAs in cauda epididymosomes.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2025Article
- Gestational phthalate levels and biomarkers of aging in infants and children from New York City.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Testing the Development of a Diet-Based Bisphenol a Score to Facilitate Studies on Child Neurodevelopment: A Pilot Project.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Targeted Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of 31 Phthalates and Replacements: Method Optimization and Application to Edible Oils and Silicone Wristbands.Journal of separation science · 2025Article
- Exploring the toxicological effects of DOTP exposure on periodontitis by combining molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Organophosphorus Flame Retardant, Phthalate, and Alternative Plasticizer Contamination in Novel Plant-Based Food: A Food Safety Investigation.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Lignin-Derived Methoxyterephthalates for Performance-Advantaged Polymers and Plasticizers.ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering · 2025Article
- Review
- Phthalates toxicityHeliyon · 2025Article
- A common phthalate replacement disrupts ovarian function in young adult mice.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to phthalates and phthalate replacements in relation to chorionic plate surface vasculature at delivery.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFast food consumption is associated with biomarkers of ortho-phthalates exposures. However, the chemical content of fast food is unknown; certain ortho-phthalates (i.e., di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) have been phased out and replaced with other plasticizers (e.g., dioctyl terephthalate (DEHT)).
objectiveWe conducted a preliminary study to examine ortho-phthalate and replacement plasticizer concentrations in foods and food handling gloves from U.S. fast food restaurants.
methodsWe obtained hamburgers, fries, chicken nuggets, chicken burritos, cheese pizza (n = 64 food samples) and gloves (n = 3) from restaurants and analyzed them for 11 chemicals using gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
resultsWe found DEHT at the highest concentrations in both foods (n = 19; median = 2510 µg/kg; max = 12,400 µg/kg) and gloves (n = 3; range: 28-37% by weight). We detected DnBP and DEHP in 81% and 70% of food samples, respectively. Median DEHT concentrations were significantly higher in burritos than hamburgers (6000 µg/kg vs. 2200 µg/kg; p < 0.0001); DEHT was not detected in fries. Cheese pizza had the lowest levels of most chemicals. SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge, these are the first measurements of DEHT in food. Our preliminary findings suggest that ortho-phthalates remain ubiquitous and replacement plasticizers may be abundant in fast food meals. IMPACT STATEMENT: A selection of popular fast food items sampled in this study contain detectable levels of replacement plasticizers and concerning ortho-phthalates. In addition, food handling gloves contain replacement plasticizers, which may be a source of food contamination. These results, if confirmed, may inform individual and regulatory exposure reduction strategies.
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